Влияние структуры спроса и размера рынка на безработицу, неравенство доходов и общественное благосостояние

Журнал Новой экономической ассоциации. 2018. Т. 37. № 1. С. 12–33.

Goncharenko V., Shapoval S.

Using the General Equilibrium Model of the two-sector economy, the impact of consumer demand on the structure of employment, income inequality and the welfare of society is studied. It is assumed that the traditional sector is
characterized by perfect competition, and single-product firms compete monopolistically in the high-tech sector and set wages as a result of negotiations with employees. In the model, labor is mobile within sectors, but not between sectors. It is shown that with the increase in the size of the market, the income tax rate and consumer spending on high-tech goods the level of unemployment in the economy increases. Unemployment remains at the equilibrium due to the imperfection of the labour market. Welfare shows a U-shaped dependence on consumer spending on high-tech
goods. It is increasing as a fuinction of the market size and decreasing at the tax rate. In addition, with the increase in the elastisity of substitution between differentiated goods the difference between sectors declines, wages inequality disappears, the attractiveness of the high-tech sector shrinks, as far as the supply at the labor market and the
unemployment level. The welfare of society is also declining. As a result, the recovery of social equality is due to the welfare of the society.

Keywords: безработица, монополистическая конкуренция, неравенство доходов, общее равновесие, предпочтения спроса

Publication based on the results of: Межотраслевое неравенство в зарплатах и структура занятости под воздействием шоков в потребительских предпочтениях (2017)