Инновационно-технологическое взаимодействие оборонной индустрии и гражданского сектора в США: исторический опыт и актуальные тенденции

Вестник Московского университета. Серия 25: Международные отношения и мировая политика. 2016. Т. 8. № 3. С. 29–51.

Medovnikov D., Лисс А. В.

Military industrial complex played a leading role in technological development during several post-World War II decades in all major economies. Many technological innovations became possible primarily because of a generous financial and organization support from the government. Large defense contracts facilitated an establishment and a rapid growth of high-tech industries (information and communication industry, in particular), and an accelerated 50 transfer of advanced technologies from defense to civil sector of the economy. However, the last two decades have seen a clear reverse trend: military industrial complex in the leading developed countries has become increasingly dependent on different innovation products and solutions generated by non-defense private companies. This paper examines the main determinants and factors which influenced this process with the example of the United States. Special attention is paid to demonstrating a transformation of technological innovation cooperation between the key players in the defense and civil sectors of the U.S. economy, including defense acquisition reforms and emergence of new mechanisms of public-private partnerships between defense and civil companies in the implementation of long-term collaborative projects.

Keywords: государственные закупки, инновационная политика, военно-промышленный комплекс (ВПК), США, трансфер технологий, innovation policy, technological innovations, технологические инновации, military-industrial complex, private sector, Defence Policy, United States, technology transfer, government acquisitions, dual use technologies, Defense Innovation Initiative, Third Offset Strategy, военно-техническая политика, гражданский сектор экономики, технологии двойного применения, Оборонная инновационная инициатива, третья стратегия компенсации