Competitive division of a mixed manna

Econometrica. 2017. Vol. 85. No. 6. P. 1847–1871.

Bogomolnaia A., Moulin H., Sandomirskiy F., Yanovskaya E. B.

A mixed manna contains goods (that everyone likes), bads (that everyone dislikes), as well as items that are goods to some agents, but bads or satiated to others.

If all items are goods and utility functions are homothetic, concave (and monotone), the Competitive Equilibrium with Equal Incomes maximizes the Nash product of utilities: hence it is welfarist (determined utility-wise by the feasible set of profiles), single-valued and easy to compute.

We generalize the Gale-Eisenberg Theorem to a mixed manna. The Competitive division is still welfarist and related to the product of utilities or disutilities. If the zero utility profile (before any manna) is Pareto dominated, the competitive profile is unique and still maximizes the product of utilities. If the zero profile is unfeasible, the competitive profiles are the critical points of the product of disutilities on the efficiency frontier, and multiplicity is pervasive. In particular, the task of dividing a mixed manna is either good news for everyone, or bad news for everyone.

We refine our results in the practically important case of linear preferences, where the axiomatic comparison between the division of goods and that of bads is especially sharp. When we divide goods and the manna improves, everyone weakly benefits under the competitive rule; but no reasonable rule to divide bads can be similarly Resource Monotonic. Also, the much larger set of Non Envious and Efficient divisions of bads can be disconnected so that it will admit no continuous selection.

Keywords: fair division of goods, fair division of bads, competitive equilibrium with equal incomes, Nash product, resource monotonicity, independence of lost bids, задачи справедливого распределения благ, задачи справедливого распределения антиблаг, конкуррентное равновесие с равными доходами, произведение Нэша, ресурсная монотонность, независимость от пустых ставок

Publication based on the results of: ­­­Axiomatic aspects of fair division problems (2017)