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Les véhicules terrestres dans les textes de Mari, II: le harnachement et l’équipement de chars en cuir et en tissu

P. 5–14.
Arkhipov I.

Bien que l’interprétation de plusieurs termes examinés reste problématique, on peut constater que les textes de Mari permettent de se faire une idée sur le harnachement de l’époque, laquelle correspond assez bien aux données archéologiques. Le système permettant la fixation de l’animal de trait au joug comprendrait des éléments gutappum et hullum, dont les fonctions exactes sont encore à trouver. Ils étaient peut-être accompagnés du poitrail gabagallum. Les moyens de contrôle sont attestés tels que les rênes paires appatum, les longes šulummum et l’aiguillon puqdum; l’absence de fouet serait dû au hasard de documentation. Malheureusement, aucun terme ne se laisse identifié aux parties de la têtière, à l’exception des œillières naplasum auxquels s’attacheraient les rênes. Les termes hīrum et riksum ont servi pour des bandes et des attaches. Le «selle» kussûm ressemblait à l’époque plutôt à un siège en bois pour s’assoir de travers.

À part deux sortes de bâche, kammakum et parūtum, l’équipement du char comprenait surtout divers tapis et couvertures (hayyûm, marīnum, nakbasum, nahlaptum, ṣubātum, zigurītum), ainsi que des items toujours non identifiables (šabatum, nanaptum, ṣimdum).

Language: French
Keywords: material cultureAssyriologyAkkadian

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Babel und Bibel 6: Annual of Ancient Near Eastern, Old Testament, and Semitic Studies
Babel und Bibel 6: Annual of Ancient Near Eastern, Old Testament, and Semitic Studies
Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2012.
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