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September 18, 2026
When Pictures Hinder Understanding: Illustrations May Impede Learning of Abstract Ideas
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Improved initial vertex ordering for exact maximum clique search

Applied Intelligence. 2016. Vol. 45. No. 3. P. 868–880.
San Segundo P., Lopez A., Mikhail Batsyn, Alexey Nikolaev, Pardalos P. M.

This paper describes a new initial vertex ordering procedure NEW_SORT designed to enhance approximate-colour exact algorithms for the maximum clique problem (MCP). NEW_SORT considers two different vertex orderings: degree and colour-based. The degree-based vertex ordering describes an improvement over a well-known vertex ordering used by exact solvers. Moreover, colour-based vertex orderings for the MCP have been traditionally considered suboptimal with respect to degree-based ones. NEW SORT chooses the “best” of the two orderings according to a new evaluation function. The reported experiments on graphs taken from public datasets show that a leading exact solver using NEW_SORT —and further enhanced with a strong initial solution— can improve its performance very significantly (sometimes even exponentially).

Priority areas: IT and mathematics
Language: English
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Keywords: combinatorial optimizationbranch-and-boundmaximum cliqueapproximate colouring
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