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Влияние политики безопасности стран Северной Европы на ситуацию в Арктическом регионе в условиях международных политических кризисов
The international political crises of 2014 and 2022, which were external to the Arctic region, led to significant changes in the understanding and implementation of regional security policy. The key transformation that has taken place in the context of crises is the gradual transition from a model of "positive" to a model of "negative" security. In other words, until 2014, the key challenges, risks and threats in the Arctic region were of a non-military nature, related to the environment, man-made disasters or accidents on ships, i.e. They affected all countries equally and required strengthening regional cooperation. After 2014, aspects related to the military confrontation between Russia and NATO began to return to the agenda of international relations in the Arctic. In such circumstances, strengthening the security of one of the actors leads to a weakening of the security of the other. The militarization of the region and the return of "block thinking" became concrete manifestations of this dynamic. The international political crisis of 2022 has dramatically intensified both trends. The transformation of international institutions in the Arctic has a twofold impact on security dynamics. First, institutions aimed at cooperation between the armed forces of Western countries have been actively developed. Secondly, international mechanisms in the Arctic involving Russia have been deformed.