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Notes on the History of the Aramaic Verb
The paper offers a review of “The Verbal Systems of Aramaic” by Stefan Bruweleit and advances an account of Aramaic verbal morphosyntax. Early Western Aramaic is modeled as an absolute tense system, not an aspect-dominant one; the Akkadian-Stative pedigree for qṭal is rejected. A genealogical view is retained but tempered by Sapirian “drift,” notably the widespread morphologization of Active Participle into finite forms. Syriac’s “intermediate” profile is recast as adstrate borrowing rather than shared inheritance, and the rarity of dynamic qaṭṭīl and qṭīlle in Middle Aramaic is emphasized. Neo-Aramaic trajectories are contrasted: transparent reanalyses in Ṭuroyo, restructuring under Iranian split-ergative influence in NENA, conservatism in Modern Mandaic, and internally driven drift in Modern Western Aramaic.