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Physics of Mind and Car-Following Problem
P. 559–592.
Lubashevsky I., Morimura K.
Editor of translation: B. Kerner
The chapter regards the car-following problem as a particular example of human behavior described within the basic concepts developed in physics of the human mind. The proposed model, in particular, includes:
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the multidimensional phase space comprising the physical phase variables (spatial position and velocity) as well as the phase variables (acceleration and jerk) taking into account the driver goal-oriented behavior and the tripartite structure of experiential now (specious present);
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the uncertainty in human perception and cognition reflected in the concept of space-time cloud.
The model turns to the notion of dynamical trap in describing how the driver keeps the car dynamics new the desired state. The results of numerical simulation are compared with the data collected in empirical observations of real traffic flow as well as in experiments with car-driving simulator. The concept of car-following governed by dynamical trap is discussed with respect to the modern three-phase model of traffic flow. Finally, the chapter puts forward a novel interpretation of the synchronized traffic flow.
In book
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2018.
Lubashevsky I., Лубашевский В. И., Гусейн-заде Н. Г., Краткие сообщения по физике Физического института им. П.Н. Лебедева Российской Академии Наук 2025 Т. 52 № 7 С. 72–83
Within the paradigm of intermittent human control, we propose a novel model of dynamical traps to describe the balancing of a dynamical system near its unstable equilibrium. The core of this model is probabilistic, featuring alternating transitions between two behavioral modes of the subject – active and passive phases – in regulating the dynamics of ...
Added: August 26, 2025
Lubashevsky I., Lubashevskiy V., Computer Research and Modeling 2024 Vol. 16 No. 1 P. 79–87
We present a novel model for the dynamical trap of the stimulus-response type that mimics human control over dynamic systems when the bounded capacity of human cognition is a crucial factor. Our focus lies on scenarios where the subject modulates a control variable in response to a certain stimulus. In this context, the bounded capacity ...
Added: February 25, 2024
Lubashevskiy V., Lubashevsky I., Systems 2023 Vol. 11 No. 6 Article 271
We put forward a novel model for self-organized criticality in the dynamics of systems controlled by human actions. The model is based on two premises. First, without human control, the system in issue undergoes supercritical instability. Second, the subject’s actions are aimed at preventing the occurrence of critical fluctuations when the risk of control failure ...
Added: June 26, 2023
Lubashevsky I., Zgonnikov A., Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2014 Vol. 2014 No. 3 Article 033J02
Humans are often incapable of precisely identifying and implementing the desired control strategy in controlling unstable dynamical systems. That is, the operator of a dynamical system treats the current control effort as acceptable even if it deviates slightly from the desired value, and starts correcting the actions only when the deviation has become evident. We ...
Added: November 6, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Zgonnikov A., Kanemoto S. et al., Journal of the Royal Society Interface 2014 Vol. 11 No. 99 Article 20140636
Understanding how humans control unstable systems is central to many research problems, with applications ranging from quiet standing to aircraft landing. Increasingly, much evidence appears in favour of event-driven control hypothesis: human operators only start actively controlling the system when the discrepancy between the current and desired system states becomes large enough. The event-driven models ...
Added: November 6, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Advances in Complex Systems 2012 Vol. 15 No. 8 Article 1250045
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A new emergence mechanism related to the human fuzzy rationality is considered. It assumes that individuals (operators) governing the dynamics of a certain system try to follow an optimal strategy in controlling its motion but fail to do this perfectly because similar strategies are indistinguishable for them. The main attention is focused on the systems ...
Added: November 6, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Mahnke R., Hajimahmoodzadeh M. et al., The European Physical Journal B 2005 Vol. 44 P. 63–70
An oscillator chain with dynamical traps and additive white noise is considered. Its dynamics are studied numerically. New type nonequilibrium phase transitions are shown to arise in the case when the trap effect is pronounced. Locally they manifest themselves in distortion of the symmetry of particle arrangement. Depending on the system parameters, the particle arrangement ...
Added: November 5, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Hajimahmoodzadeh M., Katsnelson A. et al., The European Physical Journal B 2003 Vol. 36 P. 115–118
A new type of noised induced phase transitions is proposed. It occurs in noisy systems with dynamical traps. Dynamical traps are regions in the phase space where the regular “forces” are depressed substantially. By way of an example, a simple oscillatory system {𝑥,𝑣=𝑥˙} with additive white noise is considered and its dynamics is analyzed numerically. ...
Added: November 5, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Wagner P., Mahnke R., The European Physical Journal B 2003 Vol. 32 P. 243–247
This paper introduces a car following model where the driving scheme takes into account the deficiencies of human decision making in a general way. Additionally, it improves certain shortcomings of most of the models currently in use: it is stochastic but has a continuous acceleration. This is achieved at the cost of formulating the model ...
Added: November 5, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Wagner P., Mahnke R., Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics 2003 Vol. 68 Article 056109
The problem of a car following a lead car driven with constant velocity is considered. To derive the governing equations for the following car dynamics a cost functional is constructed. This functional ranks the outcomes of different driving strategies, which applies to fairly general properties of the driver behavior. Assuming rational-driver behavior, the existence of ...
Added: November 5, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Mahnke R., Wagner P. et al., Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics 2002 Vol. 66 Article 016117
The present paper proposes an interpretation of the widely scattered states (called synchronized traffic) stimulated by Kerner’s hypothesis about the existence of a multitude of metastable states in the fundamental diagram. Using single-vehicle data collected at the German highway A1, temporal velocity patterns have been analyzed to show a collection of certain fragments with approximately ...
Added: November 5, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Gafiychuk V., Demchukb A., Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 1998 Vol. 255 No. 3-4 P. 406–414
We consider relaxation oscillation governed by the coupled equations with a dynamical trap. We investigate the relaxation oscillations in the system and it is shown that their limit cycle exhibits anomalous properties. It is shown that small fluctuations affect the system behavior and its motion near the line x=0 can give rise to the strong chaotic behavior ...
Added: November 5, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Usui A., Morimura K., , in: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Software and Computer Applications (ICSCA 2020), Langkawi Malaysia, February 18 - 21, 2020.: NY: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2020.
Using a car-driving simulator created based on the open source engine—TORCS—we investigate human behavior in car-driving within the car-following setup. Five subjects with different skill of driving were involved in these experiments. Here we present the results of experiments comparing two particular versions of car-following setup; within one the lead car speed was fixed, within the other it changed in a certain ...
Added: November 5, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Suzuki T., Zgonnikov A., / Series arXiv "Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)". 2018. No. 1808.05002.
Response delay is an inherent and essential part of human actions. In the context of human balance control, the response delay is traditionally modeled using the formalism of delay-differential equations, which adopts the approximation of fixed delay. However, experimental studies revealing substantial variability, adaptive anticipation, and non-stationary dynamics of response delay provide evidence against this approximation. In this ...
Added: November 3, 2021
Lubashevsky I., Suzuki T., Kanemoto S., , in: Proceedings of the 48th ISCIE International Symposium on Stochastic Systems Theory and its ApplicationsVol. 2017.: Kyoto: The Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers , 2017. P. 203–210.
We present the results of our experiments on studying the probabilistic properties of human response delay in balancing virtual pendulum (stick) with over-damped dynamics. The overdamping eliminates the effects of inertia and, thereby, reduces the dimensionality of the system under control. Two types simulators were employed for studying human response in the stick balancing. One ...
Added: November 3, 2021
Lubashevsky I., , in: Handbook of Applications of Chaos Theory.: CRC Press, 2016. P. 827–877.
This chapter discusses one of notions, namely, the fuzzy rationality, which can be regarded as a specific implementation of the bounded capacity of human cognition. It focuses on systems where the optimal dynamics implies the stability of a certain equilibrium point in the corresponding phase space. The chapter provides constructing models for dynamical traps appealing ...
Added: October 27, 2021