The article examines the relationship between universal standards of rights and freedoms and the Russian legal reform, shows the main stages of modernization of legal institutions in Russia
The paper deals with the problem of creating a stable order in Russia based on the rule of law. So far, all efforts to create it have failed. The instability of the rule of law in Russia is explained by the fact that attempts to create such a regime were limited to infrastructure reforms and modern proposals to reform the legal and political systems are reduced to infrastructure changes. The author shows that despite the importance of infrastructure, the main reason for the instability of the rule of law in Russia is the legal consciousness of citizens. At the beginning of the XXI century, the concept of "social norm of the rule of law" was introduced in scholarly debates and it was shown that the presence of this social norm in their legal consciousness is crucial for the observance of laws by members of the community. The paper builds a model of legal consciousness of Russian citizens (the "homo legalis" model) and shows that they do not have this social norm. But contrary to popular opinion, Russian citizens are not legal nihilists, but legal utilitarians. Accordingly, the stability of the rule of law regime in Russia can be achieved if conditions are created for the emergence of a social norm of the rule of law in the legal consciousness of Russian citizens. Three ways of creating such conditions are considered and it is shown that, contrary to popular opinion, such a social norm can appear quite quickly. The practical possibility of transformation of the Russian legal system is shown, based on the most realistic of these three methods and based on the constructed model of the Russian "homo legalis".
The paper examines the history and evolution of legal reforms in Russia, describes the basic principles and approaches to its formation, the development of certain institutions
The textbook contains a special lecture course on human rights and freedoms, their protection in national and international law, made in the form of presentation slides. Called up update the study of such disciplines as: theory of state and law, constitutional law, international law, and can also be read as an independent discipline "Human Rights". Course addressed to undergraduate, specialist, graduate students, teachers, practical workers, human rights defenders, as well as all those who are interested in the observance and protection of rights and human freedoms in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries