Book chapter
"Просвещенный абсолютизм" в историко-философских воззрениях А. П. Сумарокова и Вольтера
In the article the analysis of the situation which developed in Russia at the beginning of the XX century and attempts of the imperial power to prevent the approaching catastrophe which were connected with the realization of the idea of representation of the people is given. The attitude of the last Russian emperor to the idea of formation of representation of the people is shown.
The paper is devoted to the translation of the famous German novel "Die Asiatische Banise" into Russian. The conclusions are made about the time and the interpreter of the novel.
The article concerns the problem of the Russian absolutist monarchy of the XVIII - the beginning of XX-th centuries in a comparative perspective. The social function of absolutism consisted in national integration, cultural unification and social transformation of traditional society by using of legal and coercive measures. The crucial problem is the changing role of the bureaucracy which could be the main protagonist of reforms or, just the opposite – its main opponent. From this point of view the author summarizes positive and negative aspects of absolutist reforms making outlook on the comparative experience of other absolutist empires of Europe and Asia.
Les travaux récents consacrés au rôle de l’Italie et Rome en particulier comme étape la plus emblématique du Grand Tour au XVIIIe siècle mettent l’accent non seulement sur la réflexion pédagogique ou à l’expérience de jeunes nobles complétant leur éducation, mais aussi sur la relation sociale majeure du temps: la sociabilité. Cette étude s’inscrit aussi dans cette tendance sur l’exemple d’un voyage qui n’a jamais été étudié: celui que les comtes Nikolaï et Sergueï Roumiantsev ont effectué en 1775–1776 en compagnie de Friedrich Melchior Grimm.
The article is devoted to a previously unknown translator, Vassily Grinkov (the middle of the XVIII century). His translation, made from German in 1745, of Lodovico Guicciardini’s compilation, is not widely known, but the circumstances of its appearance and the reconstruction of the environment in which it appears are extremely important to understand the mechanisms of European culture reception in Russia.