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Les crises de la dette publique XVIIe-XXIe siècle
Ce livre a pour objectif de soumettre à l'expertise des historiens la question qui agite autant le monde savant que les politiques, les citoyens et les médias : comment un État ou un groupe d'États peut-il entrer dans une crise de la dette publique et comment peut-il s'en sortir ?
Il semble bien en effet que les historiens disposent d'un vaste champ expérimental, susceptible d'autoriser les comparaisons dans le temps et dans l'espace. Au-delà des variations fortes du contexte dans lequel leurs observations s'insèrent, leurs constats peuvent ainsi entrer en résonance avec les théories ou les faits énoncés ou révélés par les économistes et les sociologues, ouvrant ainsi la voie à un véritable dialogue interdisciplinaire.
Les exemples ne manquent pas, ils foisonnent, de moments critiques où les États se sont trouvés dans une situation de surendettement qu'ils ne parvenaient plus à surmonter. Ce livre entend rendre compte de ces épisodes sans doute improprement appelés « crises ». Il s'agit, en effet, d'interroger les auteurs sur un faisceau d'expériences historiques depuis le xviiie siècle jusqu'à nos jours, et de leur demander d'analyser à la fois les évolutions qui ont conduit à une montée de la dette publique et les remèdes qui ont pu être appliqués pour tenter de la juguler.
De l'Amérique latine à la Russie, le spectre géographique de cette publication a une large portée internationale, l'ouvrage ne délivre certes pas de recettes mais apporte un nouvel éclairage sur des processus qui peuvent faire déraper la dette publique et sur les méthodes employées pour la réduire, l'endiguer, voire l'annuler.
This paper explores the history of the formation of public debt in Russian Empire in the 18th century
Collection of articles dedicated to the activities of the outstanding French historian E. Le Roy Ladurie. The various aspects of his multifaceted work: historical anthropology, the history of climate, cliometrics, economic history, history of the peasantry, visual anthropology, etc., and especially the perception of his work by the teaching community of different countries.
The article is devoted to the single budget account. The research on its basic characteristics allows the author to conclude that its use is effective.
The paper analyzes the characteristics of perception of creativity E. Le Roy Ladurie in the USSR and Russia. Pathways of information was the academic medievalists reviews, reviews of professional critics of bourgeois historiography, abstract journals and collections. During the perestroika years the popularity of Le Roy Ladurie has increased significantly, but the introduction to his work was limited by methodological declarations, not research monographs.
The paper presents analysis of the G8 and G20 assistance to developing countries in overcoming the consequences of economic and financial crisis. It assesses the G8's and G20's implementation of key global governance functions and highlights their engagement with international organizations. In conclusion the author gives recommendations for rational division of labour between the institutions in international development assistance.
Argentina, the second largest country in Latin America, hardly recovered form the recession of the year 2001, faces the crisis again in 2008. First of all, the crisis affected the credit and banking sphere of the country, reducing the volumes of credit and deposit. But during the crisis, Argentina managed to carry out the restructuring of the financial system. The Global financial and economic crisis has shown the importance of the investors' confidence.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.