Book
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Information Science and Cloud Computing Companion, December 7-8, 2013, Guangzhou, China, IEEE Computer Society, 2014
The competitiveness of a railroad company in a marketplace of cargo transportation in a region of a country is analyzed with the use of two mathematical models in the form of two-person games in which all the feasible player strategies are connected, i.e., cannot be chosen by the players independently, and the set of these connected strategies is a polyhedron described by a system of compatible linear inequalities. The first model is used to analyze the case in which the railroad company competes with all the other cargo carriers that offer their services in the region, for instance, with tracking companies, whereas the second model helps find potential profitable coalitions of the company with some of these carriers in an attempt to enlarge the company’s fair share of the market as much as possible on account of providing a “door-to-door” service for clients that need to move high volumes of cargo over long distances.
Supply Chain Management in modern conditions requires close integration of business processes of transport companies and information technology. We know that today there are a large number of applications and information systems for the automation of logistics activities. Currently there is no complete and consistent classification of software products of the Transportation Management System (TMS). Their diversity is relevant in the context of the fourth industrial revolution ("Industry 4.0"). It's difficult to navigate existing and emerging information systems and choose the most appropriate. The most important class TMS products are designed to plan, organize, and account for the operation of the vehicle fleet. However, their practical use is often ineffective for several reasons. One of the common problems in the implementation of the information system is the lack of or inadequate investigation of all operating activities of the enterprise and its strategic position in the market, the analysis of information flows, evaluation of employees of business roles, mechanism of decision-making. The reason for this is the lack of logistics management competencies in the field of information technology, and on the other hand, often poor understanding of IT-managers of the transport processes. Therefore, a practical approach synchronization strategic goals, objectives, business processes, supply chain management with business logic implemented information system. The paper discusses the use of proper Zachman enterprise architecture framework as this approach. This proper framework is simple enough to understand, and is known for a long time in the IT industry. Therefore, its use in the development of the information supply chain management system in practice, it seems appropriate for small and medium-sized freight enterprises. It is known that the business processes of all transport companies in general are often very similar. However, in practice often requires a flexible adaptation of the information system for each of them.
The book is devoted to comprehensive analysis of the greenhouse gas emission regulation systems, including international, regional and national experience in development and implementation of direct and indirect "carbon" regulation, cap-and-trade schemes, international carbon market and its mechanisms, joint implementation projects, perspectives of carbon market evolution in the future, proposals on imtroduction of low carbon development mechanisms in Russia
This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 37th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS 2012, held in Bratislava, Slovakia, in August 2012. The 63 revised full papers presented together with 8 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 162 submissions. Topics covered include algorithmic game theory, algorithmic learning theory, algorithms and data structures, automata, formal languages, bioinformatics, complexity, computational geometry, computer-assisted reasoning, concurrency theory, databases and knowledge-based systems, foundations of computing, logic in computer science, models of computation, semantics and verification of programs, and theoretical issues in artificial intelligence.
A contract theory model is studied in which objective functions of a regulator and of two types of firms include ecological variables. It is shown that the choice of a way of functioning of the regulating mechanism (separating or pooling) depends both on political conditions (what kind of regulator defines the mechanism and the contracts) and on economic conditions: a difference between ''dirty'' and ''green'' firms in their efficiency and a degree of their prevalence in the economy. Under a small difference in values of parameter characterizing the types of firms it is shown that if, what seems to be typical for many developing and transition economies, the use of ''dirty'' technologies increases the rentability of the firms and the fraction of ''dirty'' firms in the economy is high then the pooling (non-market, in some sense) mechanism is chosen more often. Under conditions which seem to be typical for industrial countries, where ''green'' firms are relatively efficient, a separating (more market) mechanism can be expected more often.
This article analyzes a sequential search model where firms face identical but stochastic production costs, the realizations of which are unknown to consumers. We characterize a perfect Bayesian equilibrium satisfying a reservation price property and provide a sufficient condition for such an equilibrium to exist. We show that (i) firms set on average higher prices and make larger profits compared to the scenario where consumers observe production costs, (ii) expected prices and consumer welfare can be non-monotonic in the number of firms, and (iii) the impact of production cost uncertainty vanishes as the number of firms becomes very large.
The chapter discussed the problems of the Russia’s economic competitiveness in the booming years prior to 2008 economic crisis. We estimate the competitive advantages and weaknesses, and analyze the contribution of innovations into the growth dynamics pattern.
The article considers the processes of progress in production and service sectors and answers the question how and thanks to what service sector of Russian economy left the productive one behind (concerning contribution in GDP of our country). The rates of development of service sector turned out to be so high firstly - as a reason of peculiarities of new Russian economy, which historically was built on the market principles and was developing in conditions of investment resources deficit, secondly - as a reason of system differences between «physical» goods and services as an object of sale. Nowadays Russia faces an unusual symbiosis: effective service companies, operating in hard competitive sphere with average profitability and non-affective from the point of management industrial companies, which thanks to monopolistic pricing have great profitability, providing profits of Russian budget and determining a macroeconomic situation.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Event logs collected by modern information and technical systems usually contain enough data for automated process models discovery. A variety of algorithms was developed for process models discovery, conformance checking, log to model alignment, comparison of process models, etc., nevertheless a quick analysis of ad-hoc selected parts of a journal still have not get a full-fledged implementation. This paper describes an ROLAP-based method of multidimensional event logs storage for process mining. The result of the analysis of the journal is visualized as directed graph representing the union of all possible event sequences, ranked by their occurrence probability. Our implementation allows the analyst to discover process models for sublogs defined by ad-hoc selection of criteria and value of occurrence probability
Existing approaches suggest that IT strategy should be a reflection of business strategy. However, actually organisations do not often follow business strategy even if it is formally declared. In these conditions, IT strategy can be viewed not as a plan, but as an organisational shared view on the role of information systems. This approach generally reflects only a top-down perspective of IT strategy. So, it can be supplemented by a strategic behaviour pattern (i.e., more or less standard response to a changes that is formed as result of previous experience) to implement bottom-up approach. Two components that can help to establish effective reaction regarding new initiatives in IT are proposed here: model of IT-related decision making, and efficiency measurement metric to estimate maturity of business processes and appropriate IT. Usage of proposed tools is demonstrated in practical cases.