In what follows, $\sigma>0$, $m,r\in\mathbb N$, $m\geqslant r$, ${\mathbf S}_{\sigma, m}$ is the space of splines of order~$m$ and minimal defect with nodes $\frac{j\pi}{\sigma}$ ($j\in\mathbb Z$), $A_{\sigma,m}(f)_{p}$ is the best approximation of a function~$f$ by the set ${\mathbf S}_{\sigma,m}$ in the space $L_p(\mathbb R)$. It is known that for $p=1,+\infty$

$$

\supl_{f\in W^{(r)}_{p}(\mathbb R)}

\frac{A_{\sigma,m}(f)_{p}}{\|f^{(r)}\|_{p}}=

\frac{{\mathcal K}_r}{\sigma^r}.\eqno(1)

$$

In this paper we construct linear operators ${\mathcal X}_{\sigma,r,m}$ with their values in ${\mathbf S}_{\sigma,m}$, such that for all $p\in[1,+\infty]$ and $f\in W_p^{(r)}(\mathbb R)$

$$

\|f-{\mathcal X}_{\sigma,r,m}(f)\|_{p}\leqslant

\frac{{\mathcal K}_r}{\sigma^r}\|f^{(r)}\|_p.

$$

So we establish the possibility to achieve the upper bounds in~(1) by linear methods of approximation, which was unknown before.

Results of Chebyshev and Bernstein about polynomials with the smallest deviation from zero in a weighted norm are extended to entire functions of exponential type. Suppose that a function \rho_m belongs to the Cartwright class, is of type m, and is positive on the real axis. Let \sigma\geqslant m. Functions that have the smallest deviation from zero among the entire functions of type \sigma are constructed in the uniform and integral metrics.

A definition of the category of Witt-correspondences over a field of characteristic different from 2 is given, the presheafs with Witt-transfers are introduced, and a series of general properties of these objects are established. In Theorem 1, the injectivity theorem is shown to be true for a homotopy invariant presheaf with Witt-transfers and for the local ring of a smooth variety. As a consequence, the injectivity theorem is proved for the Witt functor.

Rubio de Francia proved the one-sided Littlewood–Paley inequality for arbitrary intervals in L^p, 2≤p<∞. In this article, such an inequality is proved for the Walsh system.

Let F ∈ S, S be the standard class of conformal mapping of the unit disk \mathbb{D}, and let . Suppose that there exist Jordan domains  G_1 and G, G_1 ⊃ G and G_1 ⊃ G such that  G ⊂ \mathbb{C}\f (\mathbb{D}), \partial{f}(\mathbb{D}) ∩ \partial{G},  contains a Dini-smoth arc \gamma, and G_1 ∩ \partial{f}(\mathbb{D})  (D) ∩ \partial{G}=\gamma. It is established that, in this case, for any r, 0 < r < 1  with F,  does not maximize the expression Z |z|=r 1 |F ′(z)| 2 |dz|  in the class S.

 

Metric aspects of the problem of ideals are studied. Let h be a function in the class H^{\infty}(\mathbb{D}) and f a vector-valued function in the class H^{\infty}(\mathbb{D}; E) , i.e., takes values in some lattice of sequences E. Suppose that |h(z)| \le \|f(z)\|_{E}^{\alpha} \le 1 for some parameter \alpha. The task is to find g a function in H^{\infty}(\mathbb{D}; E'), where E' is the order dual of E, such that \sum f_j g_j = h. Also it is necessary to control the value of \|g\|_{H^{\infty}(E')}. The classical case with E = l^2 was investigated by V. A. Tolokonnikov in 1981. Recently, the author managed to obtain a similar result for the space E=l^1. In this paper it is shown that the problem of ideals can be solved for any q-concave Banach lattice E with finite q; in particular E=l^p, with p \in [1,\infty] fits.

Let R : V 2 → V 2 be a Hecke type solution of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation (a Hecke symmetry). Then, the Hilbert-Poincr´e series of the associated R-exterior algebra of the space V is a ratio of two polynomials of degree m (numerator) and n (denominator). Assuming R to be skew-invertible, we define a rigid quasitensor category SW(V(m|n)) of vector spaces, generated by the space V and its dual V , and compute certain numerical characteristics of its objects. Besides, we introduce a braided bialgebra structure in the modified Reflection Equation Algebra, associated with R, and equip objects of the category SW(V(m|n)) with an action of this algebra. In the case related to the quantum group Uq(sl(m)), we consider the Poisson counterpart of the modified Reflection Equation Algebra and compute the semiclassical term of the pairing, defined via the categorical (or quantum) trace.

The discrete spectrum of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace operator on the union of two circular unit cylinders whose axes intersect at the right angle consists of a single eigenvalue. For the threshold value of the spectral parameter, this problem has no bounded solutions. When the angle between the axes reduces, the multiplicity of the discrete spectrum grows unboundedly.

In the paper, the concept of a semimodule is discussed, which is rather ill-behaved in tropical mathematics. The semimodules S in R^n  having topological dimension two are studied, and it is shown that any such S has a finite weak dimension not exceeding n. For a fixed k, a polynomial time algorithm is constructed that decides whether S is contained in some tropical semimodule of weak dimension k or not. This result provides a solution of a problem that has been open for eight years.

The tropical arithmetic operations on R are defined as (a,b) -> min{a,b} and (a,b) -> a+b. We are interested in the concept of a semimodule, which is rather ill-behaved in tropical mathematics. In our paper we study the semimodules S in R^n having topological dimension two, and we show that any such S has always a finite weak dimension not exceeding n. For a fixed k, we construct a polynomial time algorithm deciding whether S is contained in some tropical semimodule of weak dimension k or not. The latter result provides a solution of a problem that has been open for eight years.

We explicitly calculate an adelic quotient group for an excellent Noetherian normal integral two-dimensional separated scheme. An application to an irreducible normal projective algebraic surface over a field is given.