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Are Mathematicians, Physicists and Biologists Irrational? Intransitivity Studies vs. the Transitivity Axiom
The status of the axioms of transitivity of dominance (“if x dominates y and y dominates z, then x dominates z” and “if a person prefers A to B and B to C, then that person should prefer A to C”) as key components of rationality is discussed. The discussion is conducted in the context of modern mathematical and natural science studies of systems in objectively intransitive (rock—paper—scissors) relations contradictory to the transitivity axioms. Experiential studies of solving problems about various intransitive objects and relations are described.
From an epistemological point of view, it seems reasonable to distinguish between 4 types of situations.
(1) Relations are objectively transitive, and problem solvers: (1a) make correct conclusions about them; or (1b) wrongly consider the relations as intransitive. Most cognitive studies are conducted in this paradigm.
(2) Relations are objectively intransitive, and problem solvers: (2a) make correct conclusions about them; or (2b) wrongly consider the relations as transitive (e.g., because of taking the transitivity axiom for granted). This has been minimally studied in cognitive psychology.
In general, for objectively transitive options, intransitive choices are fallacies. For objectively intransitive options, fallacies are transitive choices of the intransitive options.
Topological and graph theoretic approaches are more appropriate to present objectively intransitive objects and systems than metric approaches. Models of intransitive relations in biological studies are worthy of special interest in this context. Teaching intransitivity problem solving should be based on studies how abilities develop in this area and broader educational studies.
Duran E. ., Pulgar A., Izquierdo R. et al., Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials 2026 Vol. 223 No. 7 Article e202500942
Ceramic superconductors exhibit remarkable properties, including zero electrical resistance and potent magnetic behavior, operating at temperatures as high as the boiling points of liquid nitrogen (77 K) and liquid hydrogen (20 K). These characteristics position them as key enablers for sustainable technologies spanning electric propulsion, lossless energy transmission, advanced medical imaging, and quantum computation. This review presents ...
Added: June 1, 2026
Iskakova B., Kosaretsky S., Zair-Bek S. I. et al., Journal of Economic Sociology 2026 Vol. 27 No. 3 P. 99–128
The issue of urban-rural inequality is recognised as one of the most pressing and unresolved challenges, particularly in post-Soviet countries. This article examines territorial inequality in educational outcomes across seven post-Soviet countries: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Moldova, Georgia, and Kazakhstan. The study analyses how students’ PISA test scores vary by urban–rural location and investigates whether ...
Added: June 1, 2026
Trofimov V., Obukhov A., Исследователь/Researcher 2025 Т. 51-52 № 3-4 С. 144–152
The article is devoted to the analysis of the environmental education practices, implemented at protected areas (PAs) in the Republic of Buryatia. The material was prepared following an expedition within the HSE University “Rediscovering Russia” project. Based on interviews with staff of nature reserves and national parks, the key principles of their work are identified: ...
Added: June 1, 2026
Saakyan T. V., Ключников И. К., Финансовый журнал 2025 Т. 17 № 1 С. 74–91
Subject. Rationality and efficiency of budgeting state subsidies to business entities. Objectives. To develop a science-based system for assessing the rationality and effectiveness of the process of state subsidization of business entities. Results. The interrelation of rationality and efficiency of the process of budgeting subsidies to business entities is substantiated. Determination of the logic of ...
Added: June 1, 2026
СПб.: Международный институт развития когнитивно-поведенческой терапии, 2026.
This collection of scientific articles addresses current issues and modern developments in cognitive-behavioral therapy in clinical psychology, psychotherapy, coaching, and related fields. ...
Added: May 31, 2026
Vorchik A., / SSRN. Серия Social Science Research Network "Social Science Research Network". 2026.
This work is devoted to a theoretical explanation of the Easterlin paradox, according to which long-term economic growth does not make average level of people's happiness increasing. By happiness, we mean the intensity of emotions people experience while comparing their new income with its expected value, or the target income with its original value. In the first case, ...
Added: May 31, 2026
Н. Новгород: Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева, 2026.
Материалы конференции систематизированы по следующим направлениям: реформирование системы образования, качественные и содержательные стороны образовательного процесса; фундаментальная подготовка студентов: проблемы и перспективы; актуальные проблемы изучения иностранного языка в техническом вузе. ...
Added: May 29, 2026
М.: ООО «Адвансед солюшнз», 2026.
Данный выпуск сборника студенческих статей .Восточная перспектива. включает в себя статьи победителей и призеров XI Международной научной студенческой конференции "Восточная перспектива", состоявшейся 18 мая 2024 года. В 2024 году на конференцию было подано 115 заявок, офлайн и онлайн в конференции приняли участие докладчики и слушатели из различных вузов России и ближнего и дальнего Зарубежья. ...
Added: May 29, 2026
М.: ООО «Адвансед солюшнз», 2026.
Данный выпуск сборника студенческих статей «Восточная перспектива» включает в себя статьи победителей и призеров X Международной научной студенческой конференции «Восточная перспектива», состоявшейся 15 апреля 2023 года. Юбилейная конференция стала знаковым событием для студентов различных подразделений НИУ ВШЭ и других вузов России, занимающихся подготовкой востоковедческих кадров. ...
Added: May 29, 2026
Borisov V., Danilov V., Электросвязь 2025 № 12 С. 73–84
Представлены результаты математического моделирования процесса полевой эмиссии из катода малых размеров – одного из основных физических процессов, обеспечивающих работы многих электронных устройств, в частности FED-дисплеев (устройства, работающие на принципе полевой эмиссии), кантилеверов и т.д. Дается краткий обзор текущих результатов в области исследования, обосновывается актуальность задачи, приводятся примеры наиболее вероятного использования результатов решения задачи. Обсуждаются физические ...
Added: May 29, 2026
Ван Г., Торопова А. В., Музыкальное искусство и образование 2025 Т. 13 № 4 С. 73–91
Contemporary vocal pedagogy faces a complex set of methodological challenges that encompass not only the search for ways to improve technical vocal skills for the realization of artistic vision, but also the development of self-control and self-regulation in future singers, as well as the entire creative process. A successful artist cannot function without the ability ...
Added: May 29, 2026
Kazantseva A. V., A.V. Toropova, Khusnutdinova E. K. et al., ВАВИЛОВСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ ГЕНЕТИКИ И СЕЛЕКЦИИ, Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук» (ИЦиГ СО РАН) (Новосибирск) 2025 Vol. 30 No. 3 P. 470–481
The development of musical abilities, including absolute pitch, musical memory, rhythm sense, and musicality, at a high degree is determined by a hereditary component (up to 68 %). The studies implementing a genome-wide linkage and association approach to musical aptitude have revealed more than 100 genetic loci. This spectrum is comprised of the genes encoding ...
Added: May 29, 2026
Gorbounov Vassily, Kazakov A., Data Analytics and Topology 2025 Vol. 1 No. 1 P. 33–45
A classic problem in data analysis is studying the systems of subsets defined by either a similarity or a dissimilarity function on X which is either observed directly or derived from a data set.
For an electrical network there are two functions on the set of the nodes defined by the resistance matrix and the response ...
Added: May 28, 2026
Arutyunov K., JIANG1 Q., FANG J. et al., Science China Information Sciences 2026 Vol. 69 No. 6 P. 1–11
Resonators based on nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) using two-dimensional (2D) materials with high-quality factors and excellent electrical control are critical for tunable coherent phonon dynamics, resonant sensors and wireless communications. However, their performance is fundamentally limited by the lack of a unified framework governing energy dissipation mechanisms and their electrical tunability. Here, we synergistically modulate both ...
Added: May 28, 2026
Elesin L., Shilov A., Jana S. et al., Advanced Functional Materials 2026 P. 1–10
Thermoelectric materials, long explored for energy harvesting and thermal sensing, convert heat directly into electrical signals. Extending their application to the terahertz (THz) frequency range opens opportunities for low-noise, bias-free THz detection, yet conventional thermoelectrics lack the sensitivity required for practical devices. Thermoelectric coefficients can be strongly enhanced near van Hove singularities (VHS), though these ...
Added: May 28, 2026
Кырма В. В., Орлова Е. О., Rozmainsky I. V., Журнал институциональных исследований 2025 Т. 17 № 3 С. 136–156
In this paper, we conducted a study of the prevalence of cheating among university students and analyzed the factors contributing to this phenomenon. Cheating is a form of opportunism, when an individual chooses a strategy to achieve success through deception, manipulation, or forgery. The research was carried out on the basis of a survey created ...
Added: October 8, 2025
Springer Publishing Company, 2025.
This book focuses on benefiting artificial intelligent tools in our business and social life under emerging conditions. Human-centric, resilient, and sustainable industries are built on ideals like human-centricity, ecological advantages, or social benefits. The mission of human-centric artificial intelligence is to improve people’s lives by offering solutions that boost productivity, accessibility to resources, security, well-being, ...
Added: July 31, 2025
Emerging Adults’ Autonomy in Romantic Narrative Identities: Choices Between Emotions and Rationality
Victoria G. Yerofeyeva, Ekaterina M. Tsyganova, Bochaver A. A., Trends in Psychology 2025
This study examines how emerging adults define autonomy through their roman
tic relationship choices. Emerging adulthood provides a lot of opportunities to try
different things, but the diversity of alternatives makes it difficult to choose. Under
these conditions, autonomy becomes a necessary personal characteristic. We set
out to examine how young people construct romantic narratives identities based
on the characteristics ...
Added: July 25, 2025
Panos Pardalos, Valery Kalyagin, Mario R. Guarracino, Computational Management Science 2024 Vol. 21 No. 1 Article 35
Big data has become an integral part of modern networks. With the increasing amount of data generated by devices, machines, and applications, networks are constantly being challenged to handle and process this data in a timely and efficient manner. The size, complexity, and variety of data in networks are increasing rapidly, which requires new approaches ...
Added: February 22, 2025
Azhimov F., Pruzhinin B. I., Zhukova O. et al., М.: РОССПЭН, 2024.
Коллективная монография, посвященная 80-летию известного российского философа-эпистемолога Б. И. Пружинина, представляет основные тематические векторы его творчества – наука, рациональность, эпистемологический стиль русской философии, многообразие культур – на пересечении мнений, высказанных российскими и зарубежными философами (коллегами и друзьями юбиляра) на круглых столах. Стержневой темой публикуемых дискуссий стала концепция культурно-исторической эпистемологии: участники обсуждали ее философско-методологический потенциал в ...
Added: January 14, 2025
Andronova E., Мир психологии. Научно-методический журнал 2024 № 4(119) С. 133–145
While numerous studies have explored conceptual structure and its role in learning, few have delved into the content characteristics of concepts themselves. Even fewer have investigated how these content characteristics relate to the broader learning process, especially problem solving. This paper focuses on one such characteristic — levels of abstraction — and offers a theoretical ...
Added: December 24, 2024
Degterev D. A., Абрамова Е. А., Современная Европа 2024 № 5(126) С. 74–87
The ongoing foreign policy failures of France in Africa, primarily in the countries of the Sahel zone, force us to pay special attention to the mechanisms of decision-making in this area, which is the focus of this paper. A key place is given to the role of the academic community in the foreign policy expertise ...
Added: November 19, 2024
Springer, 2024.
This book presents recent research in intelligent and fuzzy techniques on Intelligent Industrial Informatics and Efficient Networks. This cutting-edge field integrates advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics, into industrial processes, revolutionizing the way industries operate. The book presents the examples of the implementation of smart sensors and IoT devices, which ...
Added: September 14, 2024
Markiewicz P., Научный вестник ГосНИИ ГА 2020 № 30 С. 58–66
This article considers the problem of choosing a wing airfoil, taking into account the multi-purpose nature of light civilian aircraft. For a given class of aircraft, it is assumed that the flight is performed at airspeed less than the critical Mach number, this allows to omit the effect of compressibility on airfoil performance. We validate ...
Added: September 12, 2024