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Дети и детство в школьной драматургии эпохи Реформации: отражение городской культуры
The article deals with the concept of childhood, reflected in the didactic dramas of the Reformation. The author proceeds from the idea that children's imagery played an important role in biblical and non-biblical didactic dramas and was part of the new family identity that spread in evangelical cities, through various media including through the theater and burgher literature. The main source texts were works of writers connected with various currents of the Reformation (Wittenberg, Zurich, Basel, Geneva) and related to school activity in evangelical cities: Sixt Birk (c. 1501–1554), Paul Rebhun (1500/1505–1547), Joachim Graef (c.1500/1505–1552), Theodor de Bez (1485–1562), Georg Rollenhagen (1542–1609), Melchior Neukirch (1540–1597), Hermann Haberer ( 1505–1577). The author comes to the conclusion that the images of children, even when they are endowed with certain life traits, were addressed primarily to their parents. The images of the “correct” children were probably supposed to motivate the townspeople to change their attitude towards school education. Whereas the models of intra-family relations urged adults to think about their role as parents. The theme of dramas is not only parental severity, but also parental love. Children were often played by the youngest schoolchildren, which ensured not only the emotional involvement of the audience, but also modeled a tolerant and accepting attitude towards children's requests, manifestations of affection and defenselessness. The drama of Heinrich Haberer differs from the general discourse, because children's characters are written not only for parents, but for children. The theme of the fourth commandment runs throughout the drama, and the conflict between the older and younger teenagers is captured so vividly that the children couldn't help but feel a certain identity with the characters on stage.