ЛОГИКА И РИТОРИКА КАК МЕТАТРОПЫ ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ РАЗГРАНИЧЕНИЙ НАУКИ И «ОБЩЕГО» ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Вестник Русской христианской гуманитарной академии. 2023. Т. 24. № 2. С. 11–25.

Mikirtumov I.

The problem of the article is the role of logical proof and rhetorical justification, firstly, in the differentiation of scientific disciplines, and secondly, in the formation of a «general» education that allows understanding and applying scientific and non-scientific knowledge as a tool for achieving the common good. A philosophical and cultural- historical analysis is undertaken, within which logic and rhetoric are considered as metatropes, i. e. such cognitive means that make possible the unity, on the one hand, of scientific knowledge and its methods, playing the role of universal tropes in different disciplines, and, on the other hand, «general» knowledge, which every person who claims to be rational and whose purpose is practice in the perspective of the common good must possess. The article discusses the connection of logical proof with science, its methodological and philosophical foundations, touches upon some examples from the history of science, in particular, ancient history. Rhetorical justification is considered in connection with «general» education, which also originated in antiquity as a cycle of seven liberal arts and sciences. An analysis is given of its social functions and its connection with the concept of the common good. Among the knowledge known to us over the past two and a half millennia, mathematical and logical knowledge, as well as rhetoric, which stands for social knowledge as a whole, have undergone the least changes. It is shown that the discourse of rhetoric has a universal character, since it reflects the very essence of the human, so that all other forms of culture are introduced and rejected within the framework of communication about the common good and the implicit concept of the common good. The metatrope of rhetorical justification sets the discourse of this kind of practical philosophizing, preparation for which is provided by a «general» interdisciplinary education

Keywords: общее образование, логика, риторика, general education, доказательство, logics, proof, rhetorics