Article
Испанская конституция 1812 г. и декабристы
The article is devoted to the significance of the Constitution of Cadiz for bilateral relationship between Spain and Russia at the beginning of the XIX century and its intellectual importance for Russian society.
It shows that after two years of secret contacts between R.Koshelev, the representative of the Russian Emperor, on one hand, and A.Colombi, substituted later by F.Cea Bermúdez, on the other hand (both nominated by the national power as representatives of Spain, appointed to negotiate on military and political alliance), and after the begging of the invasion of the Napoleonic troops in the territory of Russia in June, 1812 developed to be official contacts.The negotiations culminated in the celebration of Russian-Spanish treaty, which was signed on July, 20, 1812 in Velikii Luki by F.Cea Bermúdez and N. Rumiántsev. Article 3 of the treaty stated that the Russian tsar Alexander I recognized the Constitution of 1812, so in that he was the first monarch in Europe. However the second promulgation of the Constitution of Cadiz in 1820 provoced admiration of the progressive part of the Russian society and hostility of the Emperor and his court.The intellectual importance of the Constitution of 1812 for the progressive part of the Russian society was outstanding. It became a symbol of the victory of the revolutionary and anti-absolutist movement for many Russians. The practical significance of the Constitution of 1812 in Russia is noted: the decembrist N.Muraviev took as models some of its provisions elaborating his constitutional projects.
The Constitution of 1812 was an object of scientific interest of Russian and Soviet historians, who emphasized its role in the political evolution of Spain in the European context. In the 30s of the XX century Soviet researchers paid particular attention to its role as the act of of the Spanish people`s protest. Both lines of the estimation of the Constitution were persued during the II part of the XXth century. First publications of Russian and Soviet authors devoted to the Constitution of 1812 demonstrated particular attention to its legal analisys in the contexst of the constitutional development of Spain and another European countries.
The diversity of the Decembrist projects of the Republican government assumed in Russia has not yet been fully studied. The Decembrists did’t have a common understanding of how to build a new political regime after the coup d'état. And it's not just the differences between P. Pestel and N. Muravyov. M. Orlov and N. Turgenev had their own projects of republics. Pushkin reflected on the ideas of eternal peace in connection with the unification of mankind into a single family (Republic).
Thebook considers ideological, political, religious, cultural, and everyday life aspects of "the Decembrists and France" theme. The French liberalism is show to have played a role in the shaping of Decembrists ideology. The book also contains comparative historical analysis of the Enlightenment and liberal ideas in France and in Russia. These subjects are considered against the general background of the cultural and political life in France and Russia in the late 18 and early 19 centuries; the book is based on a large number of sources, many of which have not been addressed by scholars before.
For specialists in history, philology, cultural studies, and for the general readership with and interest in the problems of cultural interaction.
The article is devoted to the influence of the Spanish Constitution of 1812 to the constitutionalism of the Russian Empire in the first quarter of the XIX. The author demonstrates the attention of different circles of Russian society to the national liberation movement of the Spanish people against France in 1808-1814 and to the Revolution of 1820-1823 in Spain as well as the Spanish events coverage in the Russian press. Effect of inspiring of the Fundamental law of 1812, enacted in Spain also in 1820 is noticed to be an example for the Russians to pursue for their Motherland. Particular attention is given to the constitutional ideas of members of secret societies, the future of the Decembrists, the motion of which is studied in the context of the "military revolution" in Europe. The researcher analyzes the influence of the Spanish constitution of 1812 on P.Pestel, author of "Russkaya Pravda" (project of the Southern secret society) and N. Muraviev who prepared the constitutional project, which we can study in three editions.
The article restores Nikolay I perception of reasons and consequences of the Decembrist uprising.
The article deals with the influence of Spanish Constitution in 1812 to constitutional ideas and projects of the Decembrists. It is represented in the historical context of the interest to foreign constitutional experience of Russian society in the first quarter of the XIX century. The author analyzes the impact of the Constitution of 1812 to the ‘Russkaya Pravda” (Russian Truth) written by P.Pestel, one of the leaders of the Southern secret society, which is detected in borrowing some ideas for the design of the constitutional and legal institutions. Particular attention is given to the constitutional draft of N.Muraviov, a member of the Northern secret society. All three editions of his projects were influenced by the Constitution of 1812. It is noticed in following: first, in the literal reproduction of the two articles of the Spanish law in the first and second editions, and secondly, the Spanish experience was borrowed in all three editions of the project to formalize various constitutional institutions (the status of the emperor, the right to vote and others).