Article
Социально-экономическая и правовая природа пенсий по старости (возрасту): от современного общества к традиционному и обратно
Contains the core issues of the curriculum of the course "Social security law". On the basis of the latest legislation, considered on September 1, 2012, reveals the problems of general and special parts of this branch of law. The appendix contains the basic regulations on institutions thatmakes the study of the subject more comfortable.
The article shows that household consumption and savings functions are non-linear. The consumption level is affected by institutional limitations, both from above and below. Adequate estimation of income distribution efficiency over certain directions is shown to be feasible through market mechanism. Uncertainty, multiplicity and variability of external environment parameters require expert agency assistance for household’s decision-making; economic decision realization presupposes specialized institutions. Optimization of household’s distribution decision requires sufficient level of appropriate market infrastructure development.
The article focuses on the impact of financial crisis in Indonesia on the budget for public infrastructure, services, and transfers. The behavior response of the population to the crisis could mean future welfare costs of an economy. With this regard, multiple equilibria in the income or wealth dynamics at the household level has been suggested in such away that hysteresis can stem from a transient income. A counterfactual assessment of the local welfare impacts of the crisis, both in short and long-term is provided.
Projects and reforms targeting infrastructure services can affect consumer welfare through changes in the price, coverage, or quality of the services provided. The benefits of improved service quality—while significant—are often overlooked because they are difficult to quantify. This article reviews methods of evaluating the welfare implications of changes in the quality of infrastructure services within the broader theoretical perspective of welfare measurement. The study outlines the theoretical assumptions and data requirements involved, illustrating each method with examples that highlight common methodological features and differences. The article also presents the theoretical underpinnings and potential applications of a new approach to analysing the effects of interruptions in the supply of infrastructure services on household welfare.
当前，我国进入经济新常态和社会转型的新阶段，能否成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”，成为一个关系我国发展前途的关键问题。在这种大背景下，关于中等收入群体的研究，在我国当下具有了非常重要的意义。俄罗斯的社会构成与中国有很大不同，社会经济发展水平也有较大差距，俄罗斯的社会构成较类似于大多数发达国家。本书分析了中俄中等收入群体的规模和发展趋势、中等收入群体的消费倾向，身份认同、代际流动和社会政治参与等。
Does "empowerment" come hand-in-hand with higher economic welfare? In theory, higher income is likely to raise both power and welfare, but heterogeneity in other characteristics can either strengthen or weaken the relationship. Survey data on Russian adults indicate that higher individual and household incomes raise both self-rated power and economic welfare. The individual income effect is primarily direct, rather than through higher household income. There are diminishing returns to income, though income inequality emerges as only a minor factor reducing either aggregate power or welfare. At given income, the identified covariates have strikingly similar effects on power and economic welfare.Income
Smoking is a problem, bringing signifi cant social and economic costs to Russiansociety. However, ratifi cation of the World health organization Framework conventionon tobacco control makes it possible to improve Russian legislation accordingto the international standards. So, I describe some measures that should be taken bythe Russian authorities in the nearest future, and I examine their effi ciency. By studyingthe international evidence I analyze the impact of the smoke-free areas, advertisementand sponsorship bans, tax increases, etc. on the prevalence of smoking, cigaretteconsumption and some other indicators. I also investigate the obstacles confrontingthe Russian authorities when they introduce new policy measures and the public attitudetowards these measures. I conclude that there is a number of easy-to-implementanti-smoking activities that need no fi nancial resources but only a political will.
One of the most important indicators of company's success is the increase of its value. The article investigates traditional methods of company's value assessment and the evidence that the application of these methods is incorrect in the new stage of economy. So it is necessary to create a new method of valuation based on the new main sources of company's success that is its intellectual capital.
We address the external effects on public sector efficiency measures acquired using Data Envelopment Analysis. We use the health care system in Russian regions in 2011 to evaluate modern approaches to accounting for external effects. We propose a promising method of correcting DEA efficiency measures. Despite the multiple advantages DEA offers, the usage of this approach carries with it a number of methodological difficulties. Accounting for multiple factors of efficiency calls for more complex methods, among which the most promising are DMU clustering and calculating local production possibility frontiers. Using regression models for estimate correction requires further study due to possible systematic errors during estimation. A mixture of data correction and DMU clustering together with multi-stage DEA seems most promising at the moment. Analyzing several stages of transforming society’s resources into social welfare will allow for picking out the weak points in a state agency’s work.