Article
Подход к социально-экономической оценке ресурсного режима в нефтегазовом секторе (на примере США)
The paper presents an approach to quantitative estimation of socio-economic benefits from oil extraction (in the US). The approach explicitly distinguishes the contribution of non-institutional and institutional factors. Calculations show that in the United States the influence and dynamics of institutional factors are related to steady deterioration of natural conditions of oil extraction. In general, the US resource regime can be called stimulating, as is evidenced by a small proportion of adverse effects due to preservation of residual oil.
At present many industries reveal tendency for setting up of vertically integrated companies (VIC) the structure of which unites all technological processes. This tendency proved its efficiency in oil industry where coordination of all successive stages of technological process, namely, oil prospecting and production -oil transportation - oil processing - oil chemistry - oil products and oil chemicals marketing, is necessary. The article considers specific features of introduction of "personnel management" module at enterprises of oil and gas industry.
vertically integrated companies; personnel management
By the end of the 2000s, the term "resource curse" had become so widespread that it had turned into a kind of magic keyword, not only in the scholarly language of the social sciences, but also in the discourse of politicians, commentators and analysts all over the world-—like the term "modernization" in the early 1960s or "transition" in the early 1990s. In fact, the aggravation of many problems in the global economy and politics, against the background of the rally of oil prices in 2004–2008, became the environment for academic and public debates about the role of natural resources in general, and oil and gas in particular, in the development of various societies. The results of numerous studies do not give a clear answer to questions about the nature and mechanisms of the influence of the oil and gas abundance on the economic, political and social processes in various states and nations. However, the majority of scholars and observers agree that this influence in the most of countries is primarily negative. Resource Curse and Post-Soviet Eurasia: Oil, Gas, and Modernization is an in-depth analysis of the impact of oil and gas abundance on political, economic, and social developments of Russia and other post-Soviet states and nations (such as Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan). The chapters of the book systematically examine various effects of "resource curse" in different arenas such as state building, regime changes, rule of law, property rights, policy-making, interest representation, and international relations in theoretical, historical, and comparative perspectives. The authors analyze the role of oil and gas dependency in the evolution and subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union, authoritarian drift of post-Soviet countries, building of predatory state and pendulum-like swings of Russia from "state capture" of 1990s to "business capture" of 2000s, uneasy relationships between the state and special interest groups, and numerous problems of "geo-economics" of pipelines in post-Soviet Eurasia.
The history of legal regulation of concession relations development is considered in the article, beginning with farming system and ending with oil concession agreements in the end of twentieth century. The oil concessions development is considered in detail from the end of the nineteenth - beginning of the twentieth century; gradual changes of USA concessions and eastern concessions are compared.
The article addresses the role of strategic planning as an element of institutional environment of geospace. The literature review suggests definitions of geospace, its characteristics and key components, which include strategic planning institution as a part of institutional sphere, which in turn acts as an element of antroposphere. The analytical part presents an overview of the federal law #172, issued 28/06/2014 “On strategic planning in Russian Federation”. The practical contribution concerns the institutionalisation of strategic planning as a factor of management of geospace development at the regional level.
The paper contains arguments over the feasibility of regarding legal translation as a type of institutional translation. Such notions as institute, institutionalisation, and institutional environment are analyzed with the focus placed on their relevance for the current translation activities. The interdisciplinary approach advocated in the paper aims to expand theoretical foundations for the emerging legal translation paradigm.
The paper analyzes the classical and neoclassical assumptions concerning the effect of the natural and the institutional environments on the comparative welfare of various countries. The distinction is considered between the preindustrial and industrial societies as to their natural and institutional conditions.
Capability of intellectual assets to bring about economic benefits is one of the main conditions of involving them into economic activity. Transfer of intellectual assets may result in creating competitive advantages and on this basis, the growth of the market cost of companies.