Article
Макрофинансы II: модель пузырей и кризисов
Proposed a model of financial bubbles and crises based upon the methodology of complex systems analysis. It was shown how the procedures (slice and dice) of a CDO synthesis generated the excess growth of the securitized assets value. The latter being coupled with the high leverage might produce the total collapse of a financial system. On a macrolevel of a system its behaviour was modeled by a differential equation depending on three parameters. The irrationality of financial investors, as it was well known, had been empirically explained by «the greater fool theory». This process, in modern terms, was represented as the autocatalytic process leading to a system's singularity. Such an outcome was explained on the system's microlevel as a process of financial percolation which was modeled, quite surprisingly, by the same equation of a Bernoulli type. Invariant constants of percolation were used to estimate different parameters of a model. The model application to the study of 2007-2010 credit crunch has given rise to the impressively coherent results in terms of probabilities and the return time periods of critical events that took place on the global financial markets.
Proposed a model of financial bubbles and crises based upon the methodology of complex systems analysis. The irrationality of financial investors, as it was well known, had been empirically explained by «the greater fool theory». This process, in modern terms, was represented as the autocatalytic process leading to a system's singularity. It was shown how the procedures (slice and dice) of a CDO synthesis generated the excess growth of the securitized assets value. The latter being coupled with the high le-verage might produce the total collapse of a financial system. On a macrolevel the behaviour the of a system was modeled by a differential equation depending on three parameters. Such an outcome was explained on the system's microlevel as a process of financial percolation which was modeled, quite surprisingly, by the same equation of a Bernoulli type. Invariant constants of percolation were used to estimate different parameters of a model. The model application to the study of 2007-2010 credit crunch has given rise to the impressively coherent results in terms of probabilities and the return time periods of critical events that took place on the global financial markets.
Econophysics is a relatively new discipline. It is one of the most interesting and promising trends in modeling complex economic systems such as financial markets. In this paper we use the approach of econophysics to explain various mechanisms of price formation in the stock market. We study a model, which was proposed by Jean-Philippe Bouchaud and Dietrich Stauffer (Bouchaud 2002; Chang et al. 2002; Stauffer 2001; Stauffer and Sornette 1990), and used to describe the agents’ cooperation in the market. The most important point of this research is the calibration of the model, using real market conditions to proof the model’s possibility of setting out a real market pricing process
Let G be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k. In 1965 R. Steinberg proved that if G is simply connected, then in G there exists a closed irreducible cross-section of the set of closures of regular conjugacy classes. We prove that in arbitrary G such a cross-section exists if and only if the universal covering isogeny of G is bijective; this answers Grothendieck's question. In particular, for char(k)=0, the converse to Steinberg's theorem holds. The existence of a cross-section in G implies, at least for char(k)=0, that the algebra k[G]^G of class functions on G is generated by rk(G) elements. We describe, for arbitrary G, a minimal generating set of k[G]^G and that of the representation ring of G and answer two Grothendieck's questions on constructing generating sets of k[G]^G. We prove the existence of a rational (i.e., local) section of the quotient morphism for arbitrary G and the existence of a rational cross-section in G; this answers the other Grothendieck's question.
This book introduces a 'Big History' perspective to understand the acceleration of social, technological and economic trends towards a near-term singularity, marking a radical turning point in the evolution of our planet. It traces the emergence of accelerating innovation rates through global history and highlights major historical transformations throughout the evolution of life, humans, and civilization. The authors pursue an interdisciplinary approach, also drawing on concepts from physics and evolutionary biology, to offer potential models of the underlying mechanisms driving this acceleration, along with potential clues on how it might progress. The contributions gathered here are divided into five parts, the first of which studies historical mega-trends in relation to a variety of aspects including technology, population, energy, and information. The second part is dedicated to a variety of models that can help understand the potential mechanisms, and support extrapolation. In turn, the third part explores various potential future scenarios, along with the paths and decisions that are required. The fourth part presents philosophical perspectives on the potential deeper meaning and implications of the trend towards singularity, while the fifth and last part discusses the implications of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). Given its scope, the book will appeal to scholars from various disciplines interested in historical trends, technological change and evolutionary processes.
In the paper some prominent features of a modern financial system are studied using the model of leverage dynamics. Asset securitization is considered as a major factor increasing aggregate debt and hence systems uncertainty and instability. A simple macrofinancial model includes a logistic equation of leverage dynamics that reveals origins of a financial bubble, thus corresponding closely to the Minsky financial instability hypothesis. Using ROA, ROE, and the interest rate as parameters, the model provides wide spectrum of leverage and default probability trajectories for the short and long run.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.