Бритва как принадлежность воина европейского бронзового века: знак и функция

Stratum Plus. 2021. № 2. С. 253–262.

Panchenko D.

Razors are frequently found in warrior graves of the later half of the second millennium BC in Scandinavia, central Europe, Italy and Greece. It is common to treat such razors as indicating a status and symbolizing a life style of elite. This view is justified, but it offers no explicit explanation of why the razor acquired such a role. It was repeatedly observed that razors are frequently found in the graves that contain also a sword. It is further worth noting that Nordic razors (the most remarkable class within the type) appear in graves during period II of Montelius when also a new kind of weapon – the slashing swords appear there. This epoch-making weapon spread throughout Europe and the Mediterranean in the course of few centuries. The close association between the slashing sword and the razor is clarified by occasional remarks by Greek authors. One learns from them (Plutarch, Theseus, 5 is particularly important passage) that swordsmen, being close fighters, cut off their hair in the fore part of their heads in order that they might not give their enemies a hold of their hair and beards. It remains true that the razor was used as a symbol, but this happened because of its function.

Keywords: Центральная Европа, Скандинавия, Central Europe, Ancient Scandinavia, бронзовый век, Bronze age, Восточное Средиземноморье, Mediterranean region, razor, sword, ancient warfare, бритва, меч, военное искусство в древности