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Производительность труда в несырьевых секторах российской экономики: факторы роста на уровне компаний
The article presents an analysis of the” deep " factors of labor productivity in the companies of the basic non-resource sectors of the Russian economy. At the company level, the role of innovation and investment activity, human capital development, competitive environment and state support in the company's behavior in the markets and increasing productivity is considered. As data, we used the results of a survey of managers of 713 companies in basic non-resource sectors of the economy (manufacturing, agriculture, transport, construction).
There is a high level of divergence of companies in terms of productivity, including within industries, and there are signs of increasing such differentiation.It is shown that a higher level of productivity is combined with investments in human capital, fixed assets, and the use of digital technologies, but there is no clear link between innovation and research and development expenditures. The latter can be attributed to the existence of alternative ways to ensure productivity growth in the Russian economy, for example, in monopolized sectors.
At the same time, productivity growth is combined not only with investment, but also with innovation activity (process innovations), and R & d expenditures. Note that there is a non-linear nature of the impact of research and development expenditures –a positive effect is noticeable with a significant intensity of such expenditures.The private sector is the driver of productivity growth: increasing productivity is typical for companies focused on private medium and large companies. An important factor is the state of the competitive environment: a positive condition for productivity growth is moderate competition with imports(which serves as an example for Russian companies to innovate).
In the last 5 years, we can note the process of gradual displacement of low-productivity firms from the Russian markets by high-performance ones –the most noticeable reduction in the share of "old" companies created in the Soviet era. However, there is still a significant number of companies that are not motivated to increase productivity and whose competitiveness depends on other factors, which indicates significant distortions in the competitive environment, in the interaction of business and the state, and in the corporate governance system.