Article
The multiplicative-additive Lambek calculus with subexponential and bracket modalities
We give a proof-theoretic and algorithmic complexity analysis for systems introduced by Morrill to serve as the core of the CatLog categorial grammar parser. We consider two recent versions of Morrill’s calculi, and focus on their fragments including multiplicative (Lambek) connectives, additive conjunction and disjunction, brackets and bracket modalities, and the ! subexponential modality. For both systems, we resolve issues connected with the cut rule and provide necessary modifications, after which we prove admissibility of cut (cut elimination theorem). We also prove algorithmic undecidability for both calculi, and show that categorial grammars based on them can generate arbitrary recursively enumerable languages.
The Lambek calculus can be considered as a version of non-commutative intuitionistic linear logic. One of the interesting features of the Lambek calculus is the so-called “Lambek’s restriction,” that is, the antecedent of any provable sequent should be non-empty. In this paper we discuss ways of extending the Lambek calculus with the linear logic exponential modality while keeping Lambek’s restriction. We present several versions of the Lambek calculus extended with exponential modalities and prove that those extensions are undecidable, even if we take only one of the two divisions provided by the Lambek calculus.
We consider the quantifier-free languages, Bc and Bc°, obtained by augmenting the signature of Boolean algebras with a unary predicate representing, respectively, the property of being connected, and the property of having a connected interior. These languages are interpreted over the regular closed sets of Rn (n ≥ 2) and, additionally, over the regular closed semilinear sets of Rn. The resulting logics are examples of formalisms that have recently been proposed in the Artificial Intelligence literature under the rubric Qualitative Spatial Reasoning. We prove that the satisfiability problem for Bc is undecidable over the regular closed semilinear sets in all dimensions greater than 1, and that the satisfiability problem for Bc and Bc° is undecidable over both the regular closed sets and the regular closed semilinear sets in the Euclidean plane. However, we also prove that the satisfiability problem for Bc° is NP-complete over the regular closed sets in all dimensions greater than 2, while the corresponding problem for the regular closed semilinear sets is ExpTime-complete. Our results show, in particular, that spatial reasoning is much harder over Euclidean spaces than over arbitrary topological spaces.
Modal logics, both propositional and predicate, have been used in computer science since the late 1970s. One of the most important properties of modal logics of relevance to their applications in computer science is the complexity of their satisfiability problem. The complexity of satisfiability for modal logics is rather high: it ranges from NP-complete to undecidable for propositional logics and is undecidable for predicate logics. This has, for a long time, motivated research in drawing the borderline between tractable and intractable fragments of propositional modal logics as well as between decidable and undecidable fragments of predicate modal logics. In the present thesis, we investigate some very natural restrictions on the languages of propositional and predicate modal logics and show that placing those restrictions does not decrease complexity of satisfiability. For propositional languages, we consider restricting the number of propositional variables allowed in the construction of formulas, while for predicate languages, we consider restricting the number of individual variables as well as the number and arity of predicate letters allowed in the construction of formulas. We develop original techniques, which build on and develop the techniques known from the literature, for proving that satisfiability for a finite-variable fragment of a propositional modal logic is as computationally hard as satisfiability for the logic in the full language and adapt those techniques to predicate modal logics and prove undecidability of fragments of such logics in the language with a finite number of unary predicate letters as well as restrictions on the number of individual variables. The thesis is based on four articles published or accepted for publication. They concern propositional dynamic logics, propositional branchingand alternating-time temporal logics, propositional logics of symmetric rela tions, and first-order predicate modal and intuitionistic logics. In all cases, we identify the “minimal,” with regard to the criteria mentioned above, fragments whose satisfiability is as computationally hard as satisfiability for the entire logic.
We use proof-nets to study the algorithmic complexity of the derivability problem for some fragments of the Lambek calculus. We prove the NP-completeness of this problem for the unidirectional fragment and the product-free fragment, and also for versions of these fragments that admit empty antecedents.
In this paper we prove that the derivability problems for product-free Lambek calculus and product-free Lambek calculus allowing empty premises are NP-complete. Also we introduce a new derivability characterization for these calculi.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Event logs collected by modern information and technical systems usually contain enough data for automated process models discovery. A variety of algorithms was developed for process models discovery, conformance checking, log to model alignment, comparison of process models, etc., nevertheless a quick analysis of ad-hoc selected parts of a journal still have not get a full-fledged implementation. This paper describes an ROLAP-based method of multidimensional event logs storage for process mining. The result of the analysis of the journal is visualized as directed graph representing the union of all possible event sequences, ranked by their occurrence probability. Our implementation allows the analyst to discover process models for sublogs defined by ad-hoc selection of criteria and value of occurrence probability
The geographic information system (GIS) is based on the first and only Russian Imperial Census of 1897 and the First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union of 1926. The GIS features vector data (shapefiles) of allprovinces of the two states. For the 1897 census, there is information about linguistic, religious, and social estate groups. The part based on the 1926 census features nationality. Both shapefiles include information on gender, rural and urban population. The GIS allows for producing any necessary maps for individual studies of the period which require the administrative boundaries and demographic information.
Existing approaches suggest that IT strategy should be a reflection of business strategy. However, actually organisations do not often follow business strategy even if it is formally declared. In these conditions, IT strategy can be viewed not as a plan, but as an organisational shared view on the role of information systems. This approach generally reflects only a top-down perspective of IT strategy. So, it can be supplemented by a strategic behaviour pattern (i.e., more or less standard response to a changes that is formed as result of previous experience) to implement bottom-up approach. Two components that can help to establish effective reaction regarding new initiatives in IT are proposed here: model of IT-related decision making, and efficiency measurement metric to estimate maturity of business processes and appropriate IT. Usage of proposed tools is demonstrated in practical cases.