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О формах кубики Сегре
The forms of the Segre cubic over non-algebraically closed fields, their automorphisms groups, and equivariant birational rigidity are studied. In particular, it is shown that all forms of the Segre cubic over any field have a point and are cubic hypersurfaces.
We propose a new method to study birational maps between Fano varieties based on multiplier ideal sheaves. Using this method, we prove equivariant birational rigidity of four Fano threefolds acted on by the group A6. As an application, we obtain that the Cremona group of rank 3 has at least five non-conjugate subgroups isomorphic to A6.
For every algebraically closed field k of characteristic different from 2, we prove the following: (1) Finite-dimensional (not necessarily associative) k-algebras of general type of a fixed dimension, considered up to isomorphism, are parametrized by the values of a tuple of algebraically independent (over k) rational functions of the structure constants. (2) There exists an “algebraic normal form” to which the set of structure constants of every such algebra can be uniquely transformed by means of passing to its new basis—namely, there are two finite systems of nonconstant polynomials on the space of structure constants, {f_i}_i∈I and {b_j}_j∈J , such that the ideal generated by the set {f_i}_i∈I is prime and, for every tuple c of structure constants satisfying the property b_j(c) = 0 for all j ∈ J, there exists a unique new basis of this algebra in which the tuple c' of its structure constants satisfies the property f_i(c') = 0 for all i ∈ I.
We present a new method of investigation of G-structures on orbifolds. This method is founded on the consideration of a G-structure on an n-dimensional orbifold as the corresponding transversal structure of an associated foliation. For a given orbifold, there are different associated foliations. We construct and apply a compact associated foliation (M,F) on a compact manifold M for a compact orbifold. If an orbifold admits a G-structure, we construct and use a foliated G-bundle for the compact associated foliation. Using our method we prove the following statement.
Theorem 1. On a compact orbifold N the group of all automorphisms of an elliptic G-structure is a Lie group, this group is equipped with the compact-open topology, and its Lie group structure is defined uniquely.
By the analogy with manifolds we define the notion of an almost complex structure on orbifolds and get the following statement.
Theorem 2. The automorphism group of an almost complex structure on a compact orbifold is a Lie group, its topology is compact-open and its Lie group structure is defined uniquely.
For manifolds, the statements of Theorems 1 – 2 are classical results. Theorem 1 for manifolds was proved by Ochiai. In particular, in the case of flat elliptic G-structures on manifolds, Theorem 1 was proved by Guillemin and Sternberg and also by Ruh. Theorem 2 for manifolds was proved by Boothby, Kobayashi, Wang.
We introduce a category of rigid geometries on smooth singular spaces of leaves of foliations.
A special category $\mathfrak F_0$ containing orbifolds is allocated. Unlike orbifolds, objects
of $\mathfrak F_0$ can have non-Hausdorff topology and can even not satisfy the separability axiom $T_0$.
It is shown that the rigid geometry $(N,\zeta)$, where $N\in (\mathfrak F_0)$, allows a desingularization. For each such geometry $( N,\zeta)$ we prove the existence and uniqueness of the structure of a finite-dimensional Lie group in the group of all automorphisms $Aut (N},\zeta)$.
The applications to the orbifolds are considered.
We propose a new method to study birational maps between Fano varieties based on multiplier ideal sheaves. Using this method, we prove equivariant birational rigidity of four Fano threefolds acted on by the group A6. As an application, we obtain that the Cremona group of rank 3 has at least five non-conjugate subgroups isomorphic to A6.
Preface
The workshop “Algebraic Varieties and Automorphism Groups” was held at the Research Institute of Mathematical Sciences (RIMS), Kyoto University during July 7-11, 2014. There were over eighty participants including twenty people from overseas Canada, France, Germany, India, Korea, Poland, Russia, Singapore, Switzerland, and USA.
Recently, there have been remarkable developments in algebraic geometry and related fields, especially, in the area of (birational) automorphism groups and algebraic group actions.
The purpose of this workshop was to provide the experts and young researchers with the opportunities to interact in the fields of affine and complete algebraic geometry, group actions and commutative algebra related to the topics listed below as well as to publicize the new results. We are confident that these purposes were achieved by the endeavors of the participants.
The main topics of the workshop were the following:
Algebraic varieties containing An-cylinders; Algebraic varieties with fibrations; Algebraic group actions and orbit stratifications on algebraic varieties; Automorphism groups and birational automorphism groups of algebraic varieties.There were 19 talks on the above and related topics by experts from the viewpoints of (affine) algebraic geometry, transformation groups, and commutative algebra. Inspired by the talks, there were active discussions and communication among participants during and after the workshop.
The present volume is the proceedings of the workshop and contains 15 articles on the workshop topics. We hope that this volume will contribute to the progress in the theories of algebraic varieties and their automorphism groups.
The workshop was financially supported by the RIMS and Grant- in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) 24340006, JSPS. We wish to thank all those who supported us in organizing the workshop and preparing this volume.
June, 2016
Kayo Masuda, Takashi Kishimoto, Hideo Kojima, Masayoshi Miyanishi, Mikhail Zaidenberg
All papers in this volume have been refereed and are in final form. No version of any of them will be submitted for publication elsewhere.
Exploring Bass’ Triangulability Problem on unipotent algebraic subgroups of the affine Cremona groups, we prove a triangulability criterion, the existence of nontriangulable connected solvable affine algebraic subgroups of the Cremona groups, and stable triangulability of such subgroups; in particular, in the stable range we answer Bass’ Triangulability Problem in the affirmative. To this end we prove a theorem on invariant subfields of 1-extensions. We also obtain a general construction of all rationally triangulable subgroups of the Cremona groups and, as an application, classify rationally triangulable connected one-dimensional unipotent affine algebraic subgroups of the Cremona groups up to conjugacy.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Let k be a field of characteristic zero, let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let g be its Lie algebra. Let k(G), respectively, k(g), be the field of k- rational functions on G, respectively, g. The conjugation action of G on itself induces the adjoint action of G on g. We investigate the question whether or not the field extensions k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G are purely transcendental. We show that the answer is the same for k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G, and reduce the problem to the case where G is simple. For simple groups we show that the answer is positive if G is split of type A_n or C_n, and negative for groups of other types, except possibly G_2. A key ingredient in the proof of the negative result is a recent formula for the unramified Brauer group of a homogeneous space with connected stabilizers. As a byproduct of our investigation we give an affirmative answer to a question of Grothendieck about the existence of a rational section of the categorical quotient morphism for the conjugating action of G on itself.
Let G be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k. In 1965 Steinberg proved that if G is simply connected, then in G there exists a closed irreducible cross-section of the set of closures of regular conjugacy classes. We prove that in arbitrary G such a cross-section exists if and only if the universal covering isogeny Ĝ → G is bijective; this answers Grothendieck's question cited in the epigraph. In particular, for char k = 0, the converse to Steinberg's theorem holds. The existence of a cross-section in G implies, at least for char k = 0, that the algebra k[G]G of class functions on G is generated by rk G elements. We describe, for arbitrary G, a minimal generating set of k[G]G and that of the representation ring of G and answer two Grothendieck's questions on constructing generating sets of k[G]G. We prove the existence of a rational (i.e., local) section of the quotient morphism for arbitrary G and the existence of a rational cross-section in G (for char k = 0, this has been proved earlier); this answers the other question cited in the epigraph. We also prove that the existence of a rational section is equivalent to the existence of a rational W-equivariant map T- - - >G/T where T is a maximal torus of G and W the Weyl group.