Отчет Хоффмана: психологи и пытки. Этический урок для психологов

Крючков Кирилл Сергеевич

doi:10.17759/cpp.2020280109

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Article

Отчет Хоффмана: психологи и пытки. Этический урок для психологов

Консультативная психология и психотерапия. 2020. Т. 28. № 1. С. 148-165.

Крючков К. С.

The present paper introduces the readers to the Hoffman report — an independent attorney report on American Psychological Association (APA) officials’ participation in institutionalizing and developing torture techniques that were used to interrogate the prisoners of the secret Department of Defense prisons (Guantanamo, Abu Ghraib, etc.). People in charge of the APA were shown to have changed the ethical standards and APA regulations in such a way as to enable psychologists to participate in the so-called enhanced interrogations. We present the context of the report and the key findings and conclusions. We discuss the reaction of the psychological community and cite a number of papers that analyze the report from the theoretical and empirical standpoint, and reflect on the causes of the events. This situation can be viewed as a precaution for Russian psychologists likewise in making ethical decisions. Conclusion: Ethical codes do not constitute ethics per se nor do they protect from possible ethical violations, partly because abusers often are not just those who know the codes, but also those who write them.

Research target: Philosophy, Ethics, and Religious Studies Law Psychology

Priority areas: humanitarian

Language: Russian

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Keywords: ethics in psychology torture American Psychological Association ethical codes internal ethics

Антикоррупционная этика и служебное поведение

Цирин А. М. ИНФРА-М, 2018.

The scientific and practical guide «Anticorruption Ethics and Service Behavior» is devoted to the analysis of anti-corruption ethical norms developed by foreign and domestic legal doctrine and practice, as well as ways to enhance the impact of ethical standards on official (conduct) behavior of state and municipal employees, employees of state companies and corporations and other organizations. The authors of the scientific and practical manual proceeded from the hypothesis that ethical norms can complement the norms of law in resolving disputable behavioral and moral issues and collisions that arise in the current official activity. At the same time, the potential for the use of ethical regulators depends not only on the characteristics of the domestic legal system, but also on the problem aspects of the legal understanding and legal awareness of the addressees of ethical norms. In this regard, the scientific and practical manual contains proposals and recommendations to expand the impact of anti-corruption ethical standards on the official behavior of employees. For researchers, practicing lawyers, representatives of the business community, teachers, students and graduate students of law faculties and universities, as well as for all who are interested in the issues of combating corruption.

Added: Aug 24, 2020

Права человека в Российской Федерации. Сборник докладов о событиях 2012 года

М.: Московская Хельсинкская группа, 2013.

Added: Apr 10, 2013

Страх Божий и суд государственный: «священник-дознаватель» в системе судопроизводства в России второй половины XVIII века (по новым архивным источникам)

Марасинова Е. Н. Новое литературное обозрение. 2020. № 162. С. 71-78.

The article is devoted to the mechanisms of using the fear of the Last Judgement of God to overcome the fear of a criminal before punishment by the state court. In other words, the discussion will focus on the use of church practices for conducting investigations into serious crimes in Russia in the second half of the 18th century, when the decree issued at the very beginning of the reign of Catherine II restricted the use of torture during interrogations. The relevance of the work is connected with the study of the phenomenon of reducing the sphere of church jurisdiction and further secularization of law, while the secular courts are increasingly using religious ideology and church practices to investigate and punish criminals under the humanization of criminal law, which has been little studied in historiography.

Added: Apr 25, 2020

Использование инструментов этического регулирования в академической среде: этические кодексы ведущих университетов мира

Корчагина Е. В. Журнал правовых и экономических исследований. 2017. № 4. С. 13-16.

Codes of ethics are believed to be one of the most effective tools of moral regulation in business environment. At the same time, they have long been applied effectively at leading universities of the world. We introduce the analysis of the key theses the codes ethics of leading international universities. The main directions of ethical regulation of the university environment are distinguished. We make conclusions about similarities and differences in approaches to ethical regulation in leading international universities as well as in academic and business environment.

Added: Feb 2, 2018

Конструирование проблемы полицейского насилия в российской блогосфере: риторика, лейтмотивы и стили

Кольцова Е. Ю., Ясавеев И. Г. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии. 2013. Т. 16. № 3. С. 81-100.

The article attempts to apply the Ibarra-Kitsuse constructionist model of rhetorical idioms, counterrhetorics, motifs and claims-making styles to the LiveJournal posts about police brutality in Russia. The analysis of the blog posts evoked by the death of detainee Sergei Nazarov after rape tortures in Dalny police station (city of Kazan) in March, 2012 reveals that Nazarov’s case is considered by bloggers in the context of violence by the Russian police as a whole, that police brutality is interpreted by the blogosphere as a wide-spread phenomenon and that Nazarov’s death was the catalyst for the mainstreaming of latent tension. The main rhetorical idioms used by bloggers are the rhetoric of endangerment (danger to citizens by the police), the rhetoric of entitlement (concerning ex-prisoners) and the rhetoric of calamity (concerning Vladimir Putin’s presidency).

Added: Oct 17, 2016

Онтологии для Абеляра и Элоизы

Драгалина-Черная Е. Г. М.: Издательский дом НИУ ВШЭ, 2012.

Added: May 12, 2012

University Students’ Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Russia: A Focus on Learning and Everyday Life

Porshnev A., Giest Hartmut. Seminar.net. 2012. Vol. 8. No. 1. P. 27-53.

Students' internet usage attracts the attention of many researchers in different countries. Differences in internet penetration in diverse countries lead us to ask about the interaction of medium and culture in this process. In this paper we present an analysis based on a sample of 825 students from 18 Russian universities and discuss findings on particularities of students' ICT usage. On the background of the findings of the study, based on data collected in 2008-2009 year during a project "A сross-cultural study of the new learning culture formation in Germany and Russia", we discuss the problem of plagiarism in Russia, the availability of ICT features in Russian universities and an evaluation of the attractiveness of different categories of ICT usage and gender specifics in the use of ICT.

Added: May 16, 2012

Логическая семантика: перспективы для философии языка и эпистемологии. Сборник научных статей, посвященных юбилею Е.Д. Смирновой

Edited by: Е. Г. Драгалина-Черная, Д. В. Зайцев М.: Креативная экономика, 2011.

Added: May 15, 2012

Этические проблемы организационной, профессиональной и межличностной коммуникации

Edited by: М. А. Пильгун Вып. 12. М.: АПК и ППРО, 2012.

Added: Apr 26, 2012

История философии для экономистов

Сорвин К. В. учебное пособие. учебное пособие. ГУ ВШЭ, 2000

Added: Jun 21, 2015

hbar-expansion of KP hierarchy: Recursive construction of solutions

Takebe T., Takasaki K. arxiv.org. math. Cornell University, 2009. No. 0912.4867.

Added: Nov 2, 2012

Таможенно-тарифные правоотношения в таможенном союзе ЕврАзЭС

Пащенко А. В., Хрешкова В. В. Реформы и право. 2012. № 1. С. 15-22.

Added: May 18, 2012

Entries: "biconditional", "contingent", "sentence"

Schang F. Key Terms in Logic. ISBN-10: 1847061141. Bloomsberry Academic, 2010

A definition of three logical concepts: "biconditional", "contingent", and "sentence".

Added: Nov 4, 2014

Ценности культуры и имплицитные теории инновативности

Лебедева Н. М. Общественные науки и современность. 2012. № 5. С. 25-40.

The results of cross-cultural research of implicit theories of innovativeness among students and teachers, representatives of three ethnocultural groups: Russians, the people of the North Caucasus (Chechens and Ingushs) and Tuvinians (N=804) are presented. Intergroup differences in implicit theories of innovativeness are revealed: the ‘individual’ theories of innovativeness prevail among Russians and among the students, the ‘social’ theories of innovativeness are more expressed among respondents from the North Caucasus, Tuva and among the teachers. Using the structural equations modeling the universal model of values impact on implicit theories of innovativeness and attitudes towards innovations is constructed. Values of the Openness to changes and individual theories of innovativeness promote the positive relation to innovations. Results of research have shown that implicit theories of innovativeness differ in different cultures, and values make different impact on the attitudes towards innovations and innovative experience in different cultures.

Added: May 12, 2012

Ритуалы в медиатизированном обществе

Черных А. И. Политическая теория и политический анализ. WP14. Высшая школа экономики, 2012. № 03.

Added: May 3, 2012

Социальный капитал и экономические представления российских и китайских студентов

Татарко А. Н. Психология образования в поликультурном пространстве. 2012. Т. 17. № 1. С. 47-55.

Added: Sep 12, 2012

Культура русской диаспоры: эмиграция и мифы. Сборник статей

Таллинн: Таллинн, 2012.

Added: Dec 26, 2012

Императорская Россия

Анисимов Е. В. СПб.: Питер, 2008.

Added: Dec 15, 2012

In Search of the New "Turns": History and Theory in the 21 st century

Savelieva I. M. Humanities. HUM. Basic Research Programme, 2011. No. 02.

This study researches some of the most recent theories (elaborated by historians and social scientists) applied to the practice of historical research. The object of this research includes ideas, concepts, notions, methods of scholarly analysis of past social reality, as well as the emergence of new interdisciplinary fields, mutual borrowings and interventions. In this connection, the opposite process — the historization of some very disparate disciplinary discourses — is briefly addressed. It includes especially historical aspects of anthropology and sociology in the coming century. The research is based on information from journals specialized in history and theory, on leading history journals which demonstrate the state of art in various research areas, on sociological journals publishing material on historical sociology and on monographs from 1995—2010.

Added: Apr 12, 2012

Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10), Valletta, Malta, 17-23 May 2010

Valletta: ELRA, 2010.

Added: Dec 17, 2012

Персонифицированная легитимность.

Скиперских А. В. Свободная мысль. 2005. № 8. С. 119-203.

Added: Oct 28, 2014

Виртуальные расширения человека: новые основы культуры и бизнеса

Черных А. И. Политическая теория и политический анализ. WP14. Высшая школа экономики, 2012. № 04.

Added: May 11, 2012

Экфрастический дискурс в романе Трейси Шевалье "Девушка с жемчужной сережкой

Тулякова И. И., Бочкарева Н. С. Мировая литература в контексте культуры. 2008. № 3(1). С. 150-154.