Article
ЦЕНТРАЛЬНО-ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЕ ВИДЫ В ОКРЕСТНОСТЯХ Д. КОБЕЛЕВО (СМОЛЕНСКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ) КАК СЛЕДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ
The article discusses the phenomenon of occurrence of the Central European plants in Russia in the places of deployment of German troops during the Great Patriotic War. 14 species are listed isolated from the main range, found in the south-east of the Smolensk Region in the Ugra River valley near the village of Kobelevo (Tyomkinsky district), on the site of German divisional warehouses. The coincidence of the flora composition with that of Krasny Bor near Smolensk and the vicinity of Velizh, where German warehouses and troops were located, is discussed.
For the first time, the method of bioclimatic modeling was used to determine the boundaries of the range of occurrence of a potential polemochoral species Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer. The simulation was performed by the method of maximum entropy (MaxEnt). It is shown that the conditions for the growth of this species are initially suitable (the probability of finding 0.54 and higher) in the territory of Central Russia. For comparison, the same bioclimatic modeling approach was applied for the occurrence data of Carex brizoides L. species, the polemochoral origin of which is not in doubt. It is shown that its growing places are beyond the limits of the climatic optimum (the probability of finding 0.08) in the territory of Central Russia.
Technical and historical aspects of manuscript analysis of members of the Jewish Sonderkommando in Auschwitz-Birkenau are considered.
This article explores the role played by the Eternitate memorial complex, the central site for World War II commemoration in Chişinău, as a tool and site of history politics in the Republic of Moldova. It analyzes different facets of the history of the memorial complex, focusing in particular on the years after its renovation in 2006. The article traces the evolution of the site from a Soviet military glory complex to a more multi-layered and diverse commemorative space, which even includes monuments not related to World War II. It demonstrates how commemorations at the complex interact with the complexities of history politics in independent Moldova, as well as with the culturally diverse history of Chişinău and the site itself.
Current state of the Russian poetry and its history in the «age of extremes» (Eric Hobsbawm) are among the main scholarly interests of Ilya Kukulin, a cultural historian and a sociologist of culture. This book is a collection of his articles and essays on poetry written in 2001—2018: historical studies; papers tracing the new aesthetic and social trends in poetry; and texts focused on particular today’s authors. These works are arranged into four cycles (corresponding with the four parts of the book) and allow to follow several “main tracks” in development of the Russian poetry of the 20th and 21st centuries: poetic creativity as a way of emancipation from everyday social pressure and of creation of the new view(s) at the world; influence of censorship and self-censorship on development of literature; involvement of Russian poetry into international cultural movements. The scope of the book embraces the authors from Anna Akhmatova and Ossip Mandelshtam to the young poets who made their debuts already in the 21st century.
The Sonderkommando—the “special squad” of enslaved Jewish laborers who were forced to work in the gas chambers and crematoria of Auschwitz-Birkenau—comprise one of the most fascinating and troubling topics within Holocaust history. As eyewitnesses to and unwilling abettors of the murder of their fellow Jews, they are the object of fierce condemnation even today. Yet it was a group of these seemingly compromised men who carried out the revolt of October 7, 1944, one of the most celebrated acts of Holocaust resistance. This interdisciplinary collection assembles careful investigations into how the Sonderkommando have been represented—by themselves and by others—both during and after the Holocaust.
The chapter analuses one of the most interesting periods in the relations between Russia and South Africa, when the two countries established consular relations, and when events organised by the Friends of the Soviets Union attracted thousands of sympathisers. The author analyses the reasons of both the popularity of the USSR in South Africa at the time, and its collapse soon after the war.
Spoliations de guerre et transferts culturels: Le cas du cinéma soviétique (1939-1949).
One of the key advances in genome assembly that has led to a significant improvement in contig lengths has been improved algorithms for utilization of paired reads (mate-pairs). While in most assemblers, mate-pair information is used in a post-processing step, the recently proposed Paired de Bruijn Graph (PDBG) approach incorporates the mate-pair information directly in the assembly graph structure. However, the PDBG approach faces difficulties when the variation in the insert sizes is high. To address this problem, we first transform mate-pairs into edge-pair histograms that allow one to better estimate the distance between edges in the assembly graph that represent regions linked by multiple mate-pairs. Further, we combine the ideas of mate-pair transformation and PDBGs to construct new data structures for genome assembly: pathsets and pathset graphs.
Papers about natural protection territories
Many environmental stimuli present a quasi-rhythmic structure at different timescales that the brain needs to decompose and integrate. Cortical oscillations have been proposed as instruments of sensory de-multiplexing, i.e., the parallel processing of different frequency streams in sensory signals. Yet their causal role in such a process has never been demonstrated. Here, we used a neural microcircuit model to address whether coupled theta–gamma oscillations, as observed in human auditory cortex, could underpin the multiscale sensory analysis of speech. We show that, in continuous speech, theta oscillations can flexibly track the syllabic rhythm and temporally organize the phoneme-level response of gamma neurons into a code that enables syllable identification. The tracking of slow speech fluctuations by theta oscillations, and its coupling to gamma-spiking activity both appeared as critical features for accurate speech encoding. These results demonstrate that cortical oscillations can be a key instrument of speech de-multiplexing, parsing, and encoding.
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NNRs) of the α7 subtype have been shown to contribute to the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. The site of action and the underlying mechanism, however, are unclear. Here we applied a circuit modeling approach, supported by electrochemical in vivo recordings, to clarify this issue. Modeling revealed two potential mechanisms for the drop in accumbal dopamine efflux evoked by the selective α7 partial agonist TC-7020. TC-7020 could desensitize α7 NNRs located predominantly on dopamine neurons or glutamatergic afferents to them or, alternatively, activate α7 NNRs located on the glutamatergic afferents to GABAergic interneurons in the ventral tegmental area. Only the model based on desensitization, however, was able to explain the neutralizing effect of coapplied PNU-120596, a positive allosteric modulator. According to our results, the most likely sites of action are the preterminal α7 NNRs controlling glutamate release from cortical afferents to the nucleus accumbens. These findings offer a rationale for the further investigation of α7 NNR agonists as therapy for diseases associated with enhanced mesolimbic dopaminergic tone, such as schizophrenia and addiction