Article
Управление данными: 25 лет прогнозов
In October 2013, the eighth meeting of researchers in the field of databases was held. The first such meeting took place in February 1988, so that 25 years passed between them. After each meeting, a report was published containing an overview of the current state of the field and a research program for the nearest future, a kind of set of forecasts for the development of research activities. This paper looks at the most interesting forecasts from the reports of the research meetings, discusses how they proved to be valid, to what extent they were true or not. Among the various problems of database technology under consideration are the following: the role of specialized hardware in building effective DBMS; SQL and database applications; perspectives of object-relational extensions; distributed heterogeneous database systems; databases and Web; databases and data warehouses, OLAP and data mining; component organization of DBMS; query optimization criteria; self-tuning and self-management of DBMS; DBMS architecture and new hardware capabilities: SSD, non-volatile memory, massively multithreaded processors; specialized DBMS; data fusion and data spaces; the Big Data problem and the response to it in the database community; architectural shifts in computing.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis, ICFCA 2012, held in Leuven, Belgium in May 2012. The 20 revised full papers presented together with 6 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 68 submissions. The topics covered in this volume range from recent advances in machine learning and data mining; mining terrorist networks and revealing criminals; concept-based process mining; to scalability issues in FCA and rough sets.
This book constitutes the second part of the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis, ICFCA 2012, held in Leuven, Belgium in May 2012. The topics covered in this volume range from recent advances in machine learning and data mining; mining terrorist networks and revealing criminals; concept-based process mining; to scalability issues in FCA and rough sets.
Dynamics of short solitons envelope in the frame of the third-order nonlinear Schrodinger equations taking into account stimulated Raman-scattering and inhomogeneous second– and third-order linear dispersion, nonlinear dispersion and cubic nonlinearity is considered. Compensation of the stimulated Raman-scattering effect by the increasing of the second-order linear dispersion is shown. In adiabatic approximation stable soliton’s propagation regime is found. Third-order linear dispersion and nonlinear dispersion inhomogeneity effect to stimulated Raman-scattering compensation is analyzed.
Propagation of the short vector envelope solitons in a inhomogeneous medium with linear potential in coupled third–order nonlinear Shrodinger equations frame is considered. Explicit vector soliton solution is obtained. The explicit solution for the solitons trajectories is studied. In particular cases this solitons solution can be reduced as to the short scalar soliton solution on linear inhomogeneity profile, as to well – known Chen soliton solution.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Event logs collected by modern information and technical systems usually contain enough data for automated process models discovery. A variety of algorithms was developed for process models discovery, conformance checking, log to model alignment, comparison of process models, etc., nevertheless a quick analysis of ad-hoc selected parts of a journal still have not get a full-fledged implementation. This paper describes an ROLAP-based method of multidimensional event logs storage for process mining. The result of the analysis of the journal is visualized as directed graph representing the union of all possible event sequences, ranked by their occurrence probability. Our implementation allows the analyst to discover process models for sublogs defined by ad-hoc selection of criteria and value of occurrence probability
The geographic information system (GIS) is based on the first and only Russian Imperial Census of 1897 and the First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union of 1926. The GIS features vector data (shapefiles) of allprovinces of the two states. For the 1897 census, there is information about linguistic, religious, and social estate groups. The part based on the 1926 census features nationality. Both shapefiles include information on gender, rural and urban population. The GIS allows for producing any necessary maps for individual studies of the period which require the administrative boundaries and demographic information.
Existing approaches suggest that IT strategy should be a reflection of business strategy. However, actually organisations do not often follow business strategy even if it is formally declared. In these conditions, IT strategy can be viewed not as a plan, but as an organisational shared view on the role of information systems. This approach generally reflects only a top-down perspective of IT strategy. So, it can be supplemented by a strategic behaviour pattern (i.e., more or less standard response to a changes that is formed as result of previous experience) to implement bottom-up approach. Two components that can help to establish effective reaction regarding new initiatives in IT are proposed here: model of IT-related decision making, and efficiency measurement metric to estimate maturity of business processes and appropriate IT. Usage of proposed tools is demonstrated in practical cases.