Article
"Dmitry Tolstoy's Classicism": And The Formation Of The Russian Literary Canon in The High School Curriculum
The article reconstructs the history of the creation of Russia’s literary canon in the second half of the nineteenth century, and more speci cally – the phenomenon of Russian classic literature as codi ed in the high school curriculum of the time. The fact that teaching Russian literature was not abandoned in schools in the 1870s and that the writings published before about 1842 had acquired the status of “classics” owed to a very speci c political constellation. The author argues that the turn toward classicism in education in the early 1870s by the newly appointed minister of public education, Dmitry Tolstoy, re ected the regime’s determination to embrace and promote Russian nationalism while curtailing its democratic potential. This both opened up an opportunity for Russian literature to be included in the school curriculum and mandated the format of this inclusion as rigid lists of compulsory reading.
F. Werfel about G. Verdi (based on the composition «Verdi. Novel of the opera») (by Zusman V. G., Zusman N. D.). In this paper the cultural opposition «Verdi - Wagner» is discussed. The opposition is described by the Austrian writer Franz Werfel in his «Verdi. Novel of the opera». Werfel compares the artistic world and the personality of the Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi with the German composer Richard Wagner. The author comes to conclusion, that the principle of melody, the power of an individual human voice expressed in the music of Verdi are much more important than the combined force of the instruments in the orchestra of Wagner.
Bilingual education including, on the one hand, access to dominating language, and, on the other, - teaching in minority languages or teaching only languages themselves at school is an important part of language politics of a state. In many regions we observe a paradoxical situation: school education does not promote acquisition of a disappearing language, though it is highly valued by members of community. The article considers features of teaching minority languages at school in the Russian Federation on two examples - Nivkh and Kalmyk. Interviews with parents, pupils, former pupils and teachers allow to describe teaching native language at school as a procedure of maintaining identity of community.
In this article we are talking about the early development of the educational process in one of England's North American colonies. Pennsylvania attracted many immigrants from Europe by its religious freedom. Moving to a new land, Europeans from different countries brought their way of life, including various systems of education. Therefore, at the end of the beginning of the XVII-XVIII centuries there were several different types of schools. The national education system, which appeared only in the XIX century has absorbed much of the colonists created.
Recently there have been widely spread models (classifications) of educational institutions (schools) based upon regularly collected statistical data and a presupposition that all the standard indices incorporated in those models have the same meanings concerning to every possible school. The article questions this presupposition.