Article
Организационные структуры кластерной политики
The article reveals the concepts and the specific characteristics of the cluster policy, describes its generic problems inherent in the transition economies, including Russia. Authors describe possible directions of cluster policy realization in Russia. It is shown that many vital issues of the cluster policies implementation lie in its organization. Based on the example of the Scandinavian countries, that recognize the importance of the cluster approach, authors describe the organizational aspects of the implemented cluster programs. Authors define three types of cluster policy organizational structure and reveal the central role of the specialized agencies, whose analogues in Russia can be the regional centers of cluster development. Authors propose a typology of cluster policy organizationalstructuresthat differ in the number of involved ministries and specialized agencies, the types of relationship and object of regulation, functions and status of the authorized agencies. This typology is used to categorize the experience of cluster policy implementation in different countries. It is shown that under similar conditions the organization of cluster policy can take many forms and vary with time.
The importance of strategic management today is unquestionable. However, when strategizing the organization is often regarded as a single whole, differences in aims and areas of operation of its parts not being considered. This approach works for many organizations, but in the case of a distributed structure its parts may function in the markets which have different requirements, competition intensity and qualification of consumers. Besides, the departments of that organization may have different levels of development. In our present work we do not consider the whole range of distributed organizations, but concentrate on universities, as they have common characteristics with commercial organizations and, at the same time, are very specific in their rules and areas of development. We focus on developing a new modeling method for decision support while designing a balanced hierarchical strategy for distributed universities. This implies beginning from the strategy for the whole organization and moving on to development of individual strategies for its departments. Thus, the proposed method contains two parts: a sub-method to develop departmental strategies and a sub-method to calculate interaction among departments.
This article describes the proposed structure and semantics of the model which can be used in the both of sub-methods.
The importance of strategic management today is unquestionable. However, when strategizing the organization is often regarded as a single whole, differences in aims and areas of operation of its parts not being considered. This approach works for many organizations, but in the case of a distributed structure its parts may function in the markets which have different requirements, competition intensity and qualification of consumers. Besides, the departments of that organization may have different levels of development. In our present work we do not consider the whole range of distributed organizations, but concentrate on universities, as they have common characteristics with commercial organizations and, at the same time, are very specific in their rules and areas of development. We focus on developing a new modeling method for decision support while designing a balanced hierarchical strategy for distributed universities. This implies beginning from the strategy for the whole organization and moving on to development of individual strategies for its departments. Thus, the proposed method contains two parts: a sub-method to develop departmental strategies and a sub-method to calculate interaction among departments.
This article describes the proposed structure and semantics of the model which can be used in the both of sub-methods.
The author researches the issues of usage of economical and statistical indices of functioning of special economical zones. The combination of economical approach with technocratic favors the creation of complex method of assessment of usefulness and efficiency of innovations, their screening, distribution of limited resources and also presupposes formation of wide applied aspect.
The paper analyzes the general tendencies and the main problems that arise when corporative structures implement their own strategies. Considering the peculiarity of the Russian economy, almost all large corporations are functioning under extremely tough market conditions. They have to adapt their organizational structure so as to be able to follow a chosen strategy. Awareness of the main problems, which are often common for all large companies, is essential for structural adaptation.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.