Article
Integrated system of databases on the properties of inorganic substances and materials
An integrated system of databases on the properties of inorganic substances and materials has been developed, currently combining the database of the Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, and an AtomWork database on the properties of inorganic substances, developed at the National Institute for Materials Science (Japan). This system is developed as an information service for specialists and for computer-aided design of new inorganic compounds, which was supported by an elaborate information-analytical system. The results of application of this system for compound design that have not yet been synthesized are presented.
The article discusses development of the segmented characters classifier of the Russian alphabet a nd of the Arabic numerals on the basis of block neural network structures including the plurality of blocks for each individual character recognition and for the synthesis block decision. Keywords: pattern recognition, neural network, training of neural n etworks, base of hand - written characters, recognition of hand - written characters
The paper is devoted to the description of two approaches for recognizing railway roadbed profiles, obtained with the help of laser scanning. The first approach is based on the identification of similar parts of comparing profiles, presented by their polygonal representations. The second approach uses weighted functional metrics, where it is possible to process incomplete data and then to make a choice on the set of preferences.
Studied is a possibility of increasing the accuracy of diagnostics by examining a number of diagnostic rules as a set of expert assessments, which allows one to combine them («mix of expert opinions»). Proposed is to use of the principle of minimum-information-mismatch in Kullback - Leibler metric to highlight the rule most appropriate for classification of a particular object. Program and results of experimental study are presented in the problem of automatic recognition of gray-scale images. It is shown that the developed approach can significantly improve the quality of diagnostics.
A novel method for evaluating classification reliability is proposed based on the discernibility of a pattern’s class against other classes from the pattern’s location. Use of three measures of discernibility is experimentally compared with conventional techniques based on the classification scores for class labels. The classification accuracy can be drastically enhanced through discernibility measures by using the most reliable – “elite” – patterns. It can be further boosted by forming an amalgamation of the elites of different classifiers. Improved performance is achieved at the price of rejecting many patterns. There are situations where this price is worth paying – when the non-reliable accuracy rates lead to the need in manually testing of very complex technical devices or in diagnostics of human diseases. Contrary to conventional techniques for estimating reliability, the proposed measures are applicable on small datasets as well as on datasets with complex class structures where conventional classifiers show low accuracy rates.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2010, held in Ascoli Piceno, Italy, in September 2010. The first part of the volume contains 39 revised papers that were carefully reviewed and selected from the main conference; they are organized according to six main topics: theoretical results on cellular automata, modeling and simulation with cellular automata, CA dynamics, control and synchronization, codes and cryptography with cellular automata, cellular automata and networks, as well as CA-based hardware. The second part of the volume comprises 35 revised papers dedicated to contributions presented during ACRI 2010 workshops on theoretical advances, specifically asynchronous cellular automata, and challenging application contexts for cellular automata: crowds and CA, traffic and CA, and the international workshop of natural computing.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Event logs collected by modern information and technical systems usually contain enough data for automated process models discovery. A variety of algorithms was developed for process models discovery, conformance checking, log to model alignment, comparison of process models, etc., nevertheless a quick analysis of ad-hoc selected parts of a journal still have not get a full-fledged implementation. This paper describes an ROLAP-based method of multidimensional event logs storage for process mining. The result of the analysis of the journal is visualized as directed graph representing the union of all possible event sequences, ranked by their occurrence probability. Our implementation allows the analyst to discover process models for sublogs defined by ad-hoc selection of criteria and value of occurrence probability
The geographic information system (GIS) is based on the first and only Russian Imperial Census of 1897 and the First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union of 1926. The GIS features vector data (shapefiles) of allprovinces of the two states. For the 1897 census, there is information about linguistic, religious, and social estate groups. The part based on the 1926 census features nationality. Both shapefiles include information on gender, rural and urban population. The GIS allows for producing any necessary maps for individual studies of the period which require the administrative boundaries and demographic information.
Existing approaches suggest that IT strategy should be a reflection of business strategy. However, actually organisations do not often follow business strategy even if it is formally declared. In these conditions, IT strategy can be viewed not as a plan, but as an organisational shared view on the role of information systems. This approach generally reflects only a top-down perspective of IT strategy. So, it can be supplemented by a strategic behaviour pattern (i.e., more or less standard response to a changes that is formed as result of previous experience) to implement bottom-up approach. Two components that can help to establish effective reaction regarding new initiatives in IT are proposed here: model of IT-related decision making, and efficiency measurement metric to estimate maturity of business processes and appropriate IT. Usage of proposed tools is demonstrated in practical cases.