Article
Влияние раскрытия информации о финансовых обязательствах на затраты на собственный капитал
Companies needs investments on different life-cycle stages and have to choose the source of financing. Companies' managers try to reduce costs of raising funds, particularly, the cost of equity. One of the instruments trough which they can influence risk and, as a consequence, the cost of equity. Taking investment decisions, investors analyze all the information about company's performance. Over last ten years the interest for financial statements where assets, liabilities, shareholders' equity, incomes and expenses are reported at fair value increased noticeably. Moreover, companies' managers are sure that reporting financial liabilities at fair value can lead to the decrease in the cost of equity. However, the existing researches of the relationship between fair value accounting of financial liabilities and cost of equity demonstrate contradictory results. In this article the regression model was used to investigate this relationship for Russian companies. The results obtained illustrate that the volatility of liabilities reported at fair value influences the cost of equity. It confirms the hypotheses that changes in fair value of financial liabilities can be used by investors as the indicator of company's credit risk.
The paper presents a review of stochastic framework for term structure modeling and shows comparative advantages of commonly used techniques. The main application of the research is coherent modeling of credit and interest rate risk for Euro zone issuers.
This article is devoted to valuation of assets and liabilities at fair value in accounting. The author gives a definition of fair value according to different systems of accounting (IFRS, U.S. GAAP, RAS). In this article the author gives a comparative analysis of valuating methods of assets and liabilities in Russian accounting and international practice, also author investigates fair value valuating methods and gives analysis of positive and negative sides of valuation of assets and liabilities at fair value.
The author of this article compares the rules of accounting and disclosure in the financial (accounting) statements of the inventories according to the international and local standards, estimates the impact of differences between the applied rules on the financial condition of the organization.
In textbook the main issues connected with organization of credit analysis in a commercial bank were considered. The role of credit analysis in risk management system is shown. The methodology and specific methods for assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers used by banks are set out by complex approach. The textbook includes international recommendations for introduction of internal credit risk assessment systems in banks. With the aim at presenting the material examples from the practice of commercial banks, analytical tables, diagrams and figures were used.
The paper considers the financial choice of entrepreneurs at their initial stage of development as a key criterion of a new firm potential riskiness. The main objective of the research is the methodology elaboration aimed at the numerical estimation of the role of informal financial resources involved in the small business creation. Two fundamental considerations have been tested. The former implies that informal investment is a substitution for unavailable formal sources, including venture capital (because of the lack of essential networks and connections with business associations). The latter performs the opposite concept of negative effects: economic reasoning discouragement and inefficient resources allocation. A special technique is introduced in order to measure the credit quality of early entrepreneurial activity and to estimate its contingency with the financial strategy. The methodology validation is realised under Global Entrepreneurship Monitor conceptual framework. The results are received for 42 countries in 2006-2007, depicting the influence of informal support on potential losses under the second consideration. As a result, informal investments are inefficient when the concentration of credit risk in the economy is rather high. Investorsђ expectations about the entrepreneurial growth of the firm are pessimistic, anticipated returns on investments are too low to be economically reasonable. The outcome leads to the irrecoverable losses, both financial (short-received profitability) and nonfinancial (decreased output, the lack of innovativeness, flexibility, and inventiveness).
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.