Article
Альфонсо Х в отражении средневековой историографии: конец XIII - начало XIV вв.
This article analyzes various information about the personality and the reign of Alfonso X the Wise, contained in the historical writing heritage of Castilian tradition from the late 13th to early 14th c. As exemplified in a number of the annals and brief chronicles, including unpublished ones, the article demonstrates the process of forming the main features of the image of Alfonso X, reflected later in the «Chronicle of Alfonso X» and subsequent historical work. The King is portrayed as an educated, knowledgeable and experienced ruler and warrior. However, it also emphasizes his generosity, which sometimes came to wastefulness. The study focuses on his problems in relations with the Church and with the traditions going back to the «First General Chronicle». The article refers to his disrespect for the customs and legal practices of the Castilian nobility, as well as his authoritarian and brutal nature.
In this paper were examined the concepts of uso and costumbre as they are reflected in the Siete Partidas of Alphonse the Sage of Castile (1252 – 1284). Author analyses the problems of its introduction, principal qualities and procedure of the abrogation of a custom. The special consideration is given to the organic connections existing between the law of medieval Castile and the doctrine of European ius commune.
This article is dedicated to conception of legitimacy of politic power in medieval Castile and later, in early modern Spanish Empire, reflected in the "Siete Partidas" of Alphonse the Sage, king of Castile and Leon (1252-1284) and in its gloss composed by Gr. Lopez - court lawyer and counsellor of the emperor Charles I (Charles V in a case of Holy Roman Empire). Jurists of XIII-th century construing the well-known legal maxim "Rex est imperator in regno suo" (Decretals "Per venerabilem", 1205, by Pope Innocent III) insisted on the supremacy of royal power not only in relation to imperial but also to papal power. Thereby a king, according to jurists of Alphonse the Wise, was represented as supreme sovereign of his kingdom either in secular and spiritual affairs. In the XVI-th century the court lawyer of a Spanish emperor, Gregorio Lopez, emphasized the supremacy of imperial power in the secular affairs and papal - in the spiritual. Yet he marked the possibility for the emperor to be deposed by the Roman people, who gave him his power and, by means of the renovated social contract, could recall it.
Der Begriff "Meistererzählung" ist in den letzten Jahren in der öffentlichen Debatte häufig als Kampfbegriff gebraucht worden, wenn es darum ging, gegnerische Positionen als ideologisch zu brandmarken. Weniger bekannt ist dagegen der Versuch innerhalb der historischen Wissenschaften, diejenigen Meister- oder Metaerzählungen zu identifizieren, die der Praxis des Forschens in spezifischen Disziplinen unausgesprochen zugrundelagen. In diesem Band erörtern sieben Fachleute, an welchen Erzählmustern sich die Historiographie, die Literatur- und Musikgeschichtsschreibung seit dem 19. Jahrhundert orientiert haben, wenn es darum ging, dem Mittelalter einen Platz in einem allgemeineren Geschichtsbild zuzuweisen.
The author discusses the meaning of zhe term "the Middle Ages".
In this article is considering the process of a forming and evolution of the concept of yerro in the romance language of the first half of XIII cent. On basis of the bilingual texts of the period (Etimologiae of Isidor of Seville, Fuero Juzgo) and also of the official papers of Fernando III is making an analysis of the principal meanings of described concept in this period. Yerro during the reign of Fernando III was considered as a term more ethical than juridical and was used mainly for designate an error, a sin, a fault, but not a crime.
The subject of this article is the concept of power developed by the jurists of Alfonso the Wise in the Partidas. The main role of the king as the political and spiritual leader of his Kingdom is shown through a system of oppositions. The existing main distinction between the king and emperor is also seen in the alphonsine doctrine: the power of the former has a mystical character, while the second is based on purely rational grounds.
This book brings together a group of leading experts on the political history of Germany and the medieval Empire from the Carolingian period to the end of the Middle Ages. Its purpose is to introduce and analyze key concepts in the study of medieval political culture. The representation of power by means of texts, buildings and images is a theme which has long interested historians. However, recent debates and methodological insights have fundamentally altered the way this subject is perceived, opening it up to perspectives unnoticed by its pioneers in the middle of the twentieth century. By taking account of these debates and insights, this volume explores a series of fundamental questions. How was power defined in a medieval context? How was it claimed, legitimized and disputed? What were the moral parameters against which its exercise was judged? How did different spheres of political power interact? What roles were played by texts, images and rituals in the maintenance of, and challenges to, the political order? The contributors bring varied and original approaches to these and other questions, illuminating the complex power relationships which determined the changing political history of medieval Germany.