Article
Информация о важности групп критериев в многокритериальных задачах принятия решений. II. Количественная важность
Influence of the assumption about the existence of quantitative coefficients of criteria importance, consistent with the criteria importance order (according to the definitions in the criteria importance theory), on the preference relation, generated by this information, is investigated.
This abstract offers a method for ranking alternatives in a decison making problem. It determines importance of the criteria with help of factor analysis. Though the alternatives are evaluated by each of the criteria by a group of experts, the weights for the criteria are to be found with the help of factor analysis.
The algorithm of the method is as follows:
1. Under the constraint that the problem handles several evaluation criteria, several items to compare (alternatives) and several experts to give their evaluation.
2. Find the principal components that replace the input criteria implicitly.
3. To find the final mark for each of the alternatives the marks given by experts are multiplied with the regression coefficients, found in the step 2.
4. The final marks are represented in axes „crieria“ and „mark“ so that each alternative is described with a curve (trajectory). These curves represent the map of graded alternatives. Depending on the problem to be solved (min or max,) a record for each main criteria is to be found.
5. With help of special deviation measure procedures (Minkowski, Chebyshev e.t.s) a matrix of deviations from ideal solution is to be built.
6. The alternatives are to be rated in accordance to the deviation from the ideal trajectory.
To prove the effectiveness of the method it was applied to a problem for 5 alternatives, 3 experts and 38 evaluation criteria. The problem was also solved with the help of most popular method of Weighted Sum Model (WSM) and TOPSIS method. The problem was also being solved by finding the geometric mean for each alternative. The results for approaches were compared and the method, offered in this abstrat, proved itself as a feasible one.
The influence of the assumption about the existence of cardinal coefficients of criteria importance, consistent with the importance ordering of criteria (according to the definitions in the criteria importance theory), on the preference relation generated by this information, is investigated.
In authors' previous paper published in 2011 in «Control Sciences» journal one example of a bi-criterion decision analysis problem demonstrating that the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) may lead to a clearly erroneous result is given. However, the author of another paper published in 2012 in the same journal suggested that he found an error in our use of AHP and, consequently, our criticism of AHP is unsubstantiated. In this new paper the authors show that there was no mistake in the use of AHP in their original counter-example, and provide two further counter-examples that support their original conclusion.
WE present a general approach to the solution of the multicriteria choice problem by methods of the Criteria importance theory. The overview of methods of vector estimates comparison by preference using various types of information about the preferences of the decision-maker is given. These methods are implemented in the computer system DASS.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Event logs collected by modern information and technical systems usually contain enough data for automated process models discovery. A variety of algorithms was developed for process models discovery, conformance checking, log to model alignment, comparison of process models, etc., nevertheless a quick analysis of ad-hoc selected parts of a journal still have not get a full-fledged implementation. This paper describes an ROLAP-based method of multidimensional event logs storage for process mining. The result of the analysis of the journal is visualized as directed graph representing the union of all possible event sequences, ranked by their occurrence probability. Our implementation allows the analyst to discover process models for sublogs defined by ad-hoc selection of criteria and value of occurrence probability
The geographic information system (GIS) is based on the first and only Russian Imperial Census of 1897 and the First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union of 1926. The GIS features vector data (shapefiles) of allprovinces of the two states. For the 1897 census, there is information about linguistic, religious, and social estate groups. The part based on the 1926 census features nationality. Both shapefiles include information on gender, rural and urban population. The GIS allows for producing any necessary maps for individual studies of the period which require the administrative boundaries and demographic information.
Existing approaches suggest that IT strategy should be a reflection of business strategy. However, actually organisations do not often follow business strategy even if it is formally declared. In these conditions, IT strategy can be viewed not as a plan, but as an organisational shared view on the role of information systems. This approach generally reflects only a top-down perspective of IT strategy. So, it can be supplemented by a strategic behaviour pattern (i.e., more or less standard response to a changes that is formed as result of previous experience) to implement bottom-up approach. Two components that can help to establish effective reaction regarding new initiatives in IT are proposed here: model of IT-related decision making, and efficiency measurement metric to estimate maturity of business processes and appropriate IT. Usage of proposed tools is demonstrated in practical cases.