Article
Исследование детерминант системной значимости страховых компаний. (Окончание)
We suggest an econometric model of probability of default based on regular financial disclosures of Russian banks. We also suggest a quantization of the continuous explanatory variables that allows to account for non-linear effects and to achieve superior accuracy compared with regression tree and Bayesian network models estimated over the same sample. The econometric estimates of probability of default are broadly consistent with the historical default frequencies of rated obligors and risk-neutral probabilities of default inferred from credit spreads in a reduced-form model.
Nowadays insurance market is one of the most rapidly developing sectors of economy, the purpose of which is to protect the property interests of individuals and legal entities under ensuing of specific events (insured accidents) at the expense of monetary funds formed from insurance dues (insurance premiums) paid by them. Probabilistic nature of insured accidents as well as the uncertainty of the moment of their occurrence and the severity of losses leads to the necessity of forming loss reserves. Reserves for incurred but not reported claims (hereinafter referred to as IBNR reserves) seem to be the most challenging in terms of actuarial calculations. The following article provides the descriptions of various actuarial techniques of loss reserving and examples of their application to a real insurance portfolio. In this paper the point estimating methods such as Chain Ladder, Bornhuetter-Fergusson, multiplicative techniques are compared with the stochastic method of Bootstrap and the most accurate estimate is determined using run-off analysis.
Investment income is one of the most important source of income for an insurance company, but since the investment process implies handling serious risks, the investment policy of global insurance faces extremely high requierements. The objective of the study was to investigate the risk of ‘ruin’ and to evaluate the probability that an insurer will become insolvent through fitting the Wilkie stochastic investment model (A.D.Wilkie, 1986; 1995) on the indicators influencing the performance of insurance companies in Russian Federation. The paper describes how these models can be applied taking into account the features of the Russian economy and the insurance market.
In the paper some prominent features of a modern financial system are studied using the model of leverage dynamics. Asset securitization is considered as a major factor increasing aggregate debt and hence systems uncertainty and instability. A simple macrofinancial model includes a logistic equation of leverage dynamics that reveals origins of a financial bubble, thus corresponding closely to the Minsky financial instability hypothesis. Using ROA, ROE, and the interest rate as parameters, the model provides wide spectrum of leverage and default probability trajectories for the short and long run.
The author analyzes the most widely applied risk management standards in Russia, emphasizing the lack of a clear system for operational risk management. Reviewing the challenges emerging on European markets due to the introduction of the Solvency II directive, he suggests approaches to the solution of possible problems for Russian insurers.
The paper examines the structure, governance, and balance sheets of state-controlled banks in Russia, which accounted for over 55 percent of the total assets in the country's banking system in early 2012. The author offers a credible estimate of the size of the country's state banking sector by including banks that are indirectly owned by public organizations. Contrary to some predictions based on the theoretical literature on economic transition, he explains the relatively high profitability and efficiency of Russian state-controlled banks by pointing to their competitive position in such functions as acquisition and disposal of assets on behalf of the government. Also suggested in the paper is a different way of looking at market concentration in Russia (by consolidating the market shares of core state-controlled banks), which produces a picture of a more concentrated market than officially reported. Lastly, one of the author's interesting conclusions is that China provides a better benchmark than the formerly centrally planned economies of Central and Eastern Europe by which to assess the viability of state ownership of banks in Russia and to evaluate the country's banking sector.
The paper examines the principles for the supervision of financial conglomerates proposed by BCBS in the consultative document published in December 2011. Moreover, the article proposes a number of suggestions worked out by the authors within the HSE research team.