Article
Prediction problem for target events based on the inter-event waiting time
In this paper we address the problem of forecasting the target events of a time series given the distribution
The loss functions of deep neural networks are complex and their geometric properties are not well understood. We show that the optima of these complex loss functions are in fact connected by simple curves over which training and test accuracy are nearly constant. We introduce a training procedure to discover these high-accuracy pathways between modes. Inspired by this new geometric insight, we also propose a new ensembling method entitled Fast Geometric Ensembling (FGE). Using FGE we can train high-performing ensembles in the time required to train a single model. We achieve improved performance compared to the recent state-of-the-art Snapshot Ensembles, on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet.
Nowadays investors are facing changing conditions of global financial markets and should evaluate risks correctly. The most crucial factor is market risk that defines financial stability and investment results of professional participants at financial market and its clients. One of the characteristics of American stocks are higher volatility during financial report announcements. Common VaR methodology doesn’t take this into consideration as it lowers volatility during such periods and lowers it in other cases. Thereby a more flexible HVD-VaR model is proposed that allows risk estimation for each period separately. This can be possible due to the fact that announcement days are predefined. The proposed methodology is effective for a half of S&P500 stocks, so it’s useful for several financial instruments AS a result a more precise risk estimation method is proposed that considers extreme price movements caused by earnings announcement.
Research into the market graph is attracting increasing attention in stock market analysis. One of the important problems connected with the market graph is its identification from observations. The standard way of identifying the market graph is to use a simple procedure based on statistical estimations of Pearson correlations between pairs of stocks. Recently a new class of statistical procedures for market graph identification was introduced and the optimality of these procedures in the Pearson correlation Gaussian network was proved. However, the procedures obtained have a high reliability only for Gaussian multivariate distributions of stock attributes. One of the ways to correct this problem is to consider different networks generated by different measures of pairwise similarity of stocks. A new and promising model in this context is the sign similarity network. In this paper the market graph identification problem in the sign similarity network is reviewed. A new class of statistical procedures for the market graph identification is introduced and the optimality of these procedures is proved. Numerical experiments reveal an essential difference in the quality between optimal procedures in sign similarity and Pearson correlation networks. In particular, it is observed that the quality of the optimal identification procedure in the sign similarity network is not sensitive to the assumptions on the distribution of stock attributes.
Deep neural networks are typically trained by optimizing a loss function with an SGD variant, in conjunction with a decaying learning rate, until convergence. We show that simple averaging of multiple points along the trajectory of SGD, with a cyclical or constant learning rate, leads to better generalization than conventional training. We also show that this Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA) procedure finds much broader optima than SGD, and approximates the recent Fast Geometric Ensembling (FGE) approach with a single model. Using SWA we achieve notable improvement in test accuracy over conventional SGD training on a range of state-of-the-art residual networks, PyramidNets, DenseNets, and ShakeShake networks on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet. In short, SWA is extremely easy to implement, improves generalization, and has almost no computational overhead.
A Gaussian graphical model is a graphical representation of the dependence structure for
a Gaussian random vector. Gaussian graphical model selection is a statistical problem that
identifies the Gaussian graphical model from observations. There are several statistical
approaches for Gaussian graphical model identification. Their properties, such as unbiasedeness
and optimality, are not established. In this paper we study these properties.
We consider the graphical model selection problem in the framework of multiple decision
theory and suggest assessing these procedures using an additive loss function. Associated
risk function in this case is a linear combination of the expected numbers of the two types
of error (False Positive and False Negative). We combine the tests of a Neyman structure for
individual hypotheses with simultaneous inference and prove that the obtained multiple
decision procedure is optimal in the class of unbiased multiple decision procedures.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
This proceedings publication is a compilation of selected contributions from the “Third International Conference on the Dynamics of Information Systems” which took place at the University of Florida, Gainesville, February 16–18, 2011. The purpose of this conference was to bring together scientists and engineers from industry, government, and academia in order to exchange new discoveries and results in a broad range of topics relevant to the theory and practice of dynamics of information systems. Dynamics of Information Systems: Mathematical Foundation presents state-of-the art research and is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in some of the most recent discoveries in information theory and dynamical systems. Scientists in other disciplines may also benefit from the applications of new developments to their own area of study.