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Специфика создания идеологических и аксиологических моделей в испаноязычном политическом дискурсе
This study examines how ideologemes and axiologemes in contemporary political discourse shape the structure and boundaries of a shared discursive worldview. Political speeches are conceptualized as institutional sites of meaning construction where the ideological and value-laden orientations of political actors are discursively manifested. The empirical basis of the research is a corpus of speeches delivered by representatives of Spanish-speaking countries during the 68th–79th sessions of the United Nations General Assembly’s General Debate. The corpus includes addresses by politicians affiliated with left-leaning (social-democratic, populist, progressive, Bolivarian, anti-neoliberal) and right-leaning (liberal, conservative, technocratic, business-oriented) ideological traditions.
Methodologically, the study employs AntConc 4.3.0, using keyness as the primary metric to identify recurrent ideological and axiological markers. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative content analysis with qualitative discourse analysis is used, drawing on the theoretical frameworks of O. V. Romanova, E. I. Sheigal, V. I. Karasik, T. van Dijk, S. V. Volodenkov, N. V. Zenenko, M. V. Larionova, and S. A. Zhuravlev.
The findings reveal four groups of ideologemes: those constructing a macro-level worldview; those shaping representations of the state and government; those encoding value orientations; and pejorative ideologemes. The most frequent categories are worldview-related ideologemes and ideologemes constructing the image of the state, underscoring politicians’ efforts to articulate national positions and present governmental actions. Notably, a cluster of countries – Venezuela, Honduras, Bolivia, and Nicaragua – shows a marked use of pejorative ideologemes as a strategy to intensify ideological opposition and voice resistance to North American influence.
The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how political worldviews are discursively formed in institutional communication. Future research may expand the inventory of ideologemes and investigate those associated with the discursive construction of capitalism, neoliberalism, and imperialism.