Optimization on the Extended Tensor-Train Manifold with Shared Factors

Computational and Applied Mathematics. 2026. Vol. 45. No. 6. Article 221.

Alexander Molozhavenko, Rakhuba M.

This paper studies tensors that admit decomposition in the Extended Tensor Train (ETT) format, with a key focus on the case where some decomposition factors are constrained to be equal. This factor sharing introduces additional challenges, as it breaks the multilinear structure of the decomposition. Nevertheless, we show that Riemannian optimization methods can naturally handle such constraints and prove that the underlying manifold is indeed smooth. We develop efficient algorithms for key Riemannian optimization components, including a retraction operation based on quasi-optimal approximation in the new format, as well as tangent space projection using automatic differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate the practical effectiveness of our approach through tensor approximation tasks and multidimensional eigenvalue problem.

Keywords: Riemannian optimization, Риманова оптимизация, tensor decompositions, тензорные разложения, тензорный поезд, Tensor Train decomposition