Численное исследование обтекания наконечников костяных стрел с городища Черновское I

Вестник Пермского университета. Серия: Физика. 2025. № 2. С. 66–74.

Мингалев С. В., Mingalev V. V.

The article is devoted to the application of computational fluid dynamics to the study of bone arrowheads from the Chernovskoye I settlement (2nd-7th centuries AD) in the Krasnokamsk urban district of the Perm region. The obtained values ​​of the form drag coefficients allow dividing the arrowheads into two groups: with values ​​from 0.122 to 0.131 and with values ​​from 0.161 to 0.221 (the incoming flow velocity is 50 m/s). The second group includes arrowheads with visible defects, for which the value of this aerodynamic coefficient is greater than 1.78. At the same time, since asymmetry and curvature (interpreted as defects) change continuously, the above boundary cannot be precisely fixed. In order to assess the influence of the aerodynamic wake behind the arrowhead (which is absent when it is connected to the shaft), the normalized drag force acting on the arrowhead up to the midsection was also calculated. The values ​​of this quantity show the same relationship with the presence of defects in the tip as in the case of the form drag coefficients. At the same time, the division into two groups is not preserved. Thus, the value of the form drag coefficient can be used mainly for ranking tips by the quality of their manufacture. Also in this study, an assessment was made of the error in determining the values ​​of the form drag coefficient, associated with the fact that the accuracy of the results obtained by computational gas dynamics methods strongly depends on how well the computational grid resolves the flow and the surface of the streamlined body; in this study, for an incident flow velocity of 50 m/s, its average value was 2%, and the maximum was 7%.

Keywords: археология, archeology, bone arrowhead, computational aerodynamics, вычислительная аэродинамика, наконечники стрел