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July 15, 2026
Economists Propose More Effective Approach to Reducing Smoking
Economists at HSE University have examined how smokers respond to changes in cigarette prices. When tobacco prices increase, cigarette consumption does not always decline. In fact, spending on tobacco may even rise: according to the researchers, a 1% decrease in cigarette affordability leads to a 0.28% increase in per capita tobacco expenditure. The findings suggest that to reduce smoking rates, tobacco prices must rise faster than household incomes. The study has been published in Voprosy Statistiki.
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High-entropy alloy coating deposition by detonation spraying combined with heat treatment

International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2023. Vol. 129. P. 2647–2659.
Batraev I., Dudina D., Rybin D., Ulianitsky V., Sova A., Ostovari Moghaddam A., Doubenskaia M., Trofimov E., Samodurova M.

In this work, feasibility tests of new two-stage approach of deposition of thick high-entropy alloy coatings were performed. At the first stage of this approach, metal composite coating is formed by detonation spraying of low-entropy metal powder blends. At the second stage, the composite precursor coating is heat treated in order to promote the synthesis of high-entropy phases. The tests were carried out using three different powder mixtures of Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, and Al powders. Experimental results showed that the detonation spraying allows formation of uniform metal composite coating. The microstructure analysis and microhardness measurements of the coating before and after heat treatments confirmed that the heat treatment enables element diffusion in the coating followed by formation of CoFeNi, CoCuFe0.8Ni, and Al0.05CoCu0.3FeNi alloys with uniform fcc structure after recrystallization. At the same time, the final composition of the coatings differed from the targeted ones due to different deposition efficiencies of the particles during detonation spraying process.

Research target: Materials Technologies
Language: English
Full text
DOI
Keywords: термическая обработкаheat treatmentвысокоэнтропийный сплавHigh-entropy alloysdetonation sprayingдетонационное напылениеComposite coatingКомпозитное покрытие
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