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Культурные практики поддержания конструктивного и деструктивного разнообразия в сложных системах
This paper considers tolerance as a norm of diversity maintenance. It is argued that tolerance doesn’t presuppose acceptance of any diversity. The necessity to distinguish between constructive and destructive diversity is stated. An attempt to find the questions, answers to which would help researchers to feel the difference between tolerance and patience, is made. The mechanisms of differentiation between tolerance and patience are analyzed through the cultural practices of constructive diversity elimination and destructive diversity maintenance. On the one hand, we consider the origins of totalitarianism and phenomena of cultural dehumanization practices via the analysis of relevant philosophic, scientific and literary works. On the other hand, we investigate the mechanisms and cultural practices of “repressive diversity”, basing on the works of M. Lifshitz, G. Markuse, J. Baudrillard. Referring to the researches made by M. Bakhtin and V. Bibler, a dialogue as a practice of constructive diversity maintenance is revealed. The analogy of destructive and constructive diversity from the field of clinical psychology is brought. It is demonstrated that from the historic-evolutional point of view both - “intolerance towards diversity” and “tolerance with no borders” - are risky strategies for the existence and development of complex systems.