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Орфей: явление с Севера (постановка вопроса)
Particular attention is paid to attempt to find the key to the explanation of the gaps in our knowledge of the person and the teachings of the legendary Orpheus, which for many centuries, was the subject of disagreement among researchers. Ever since Aristotle, scientists began to express doubts about the historical reality of Orpheus - he is too foreign to the Greek world to be recognized as actually having lived among the Greeks. Many elements of the Orphic doctrine is so uncharacteristic for the Greek thinking that since the time of Herodotus believed introduced from outside (from Egypt, Iran, Phoenicia, Asia Minor, the Hittite Empire). Some researchers of XX century were inclined to seek the origins of Orphism even further - to the north of the Eurasian continent, in those areas where there was widespread shamanism. Anyway, the Orphic doctrine is likely to have northern origin, which indirectly proved by non-Greek (North Balkan) the name of Orpheus. In writing this article, the author used the methods of analogies and parallels and dialogue, revealed the identity and difference of the philosophical cultures, the mechanism of their interaction.
The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author has made an attempt to draw parallels between the figure of Orpheus and of ancient archetypal Great Guslyar embodied in the images of Sadko, Boyana and the hero of ancient legend "The Dove Book" king of David Evseevich. They are united by their ability to influence the natural elements with their music, the cosmological nature of their activities, the magical nature of their instruments - the lyre and harp, recognized in the tradition of syncretism images of sage and musician. The parallels between the epics of Sadko, a hymn to Varuna and Vasishta from the "Rig Veda" and "Argonautica" of Apollonius of Rhodes also do not appear to be random. The closeness of the plots, the similarity of singers/miracle workers can speak about their origin from the same source, namely, from the common tradition since the Indo-European community. The main conclusion of the study is that there are good reasons to speak of Indo-European origin of the image of Orpheus (if we can not yet speak of it as a real historical figure) and his teachings, and hypothesize about their penetration in Greece in the second half of second millennium BC.