Larger cities typically give rise to two effects working in opposite directions: tougher competition among firms and higher production costs. Using an urban model with substitutability of production factors and pro-competitive effects, we study how market outcome responds to city population size, land-use regulation and commuting costs. For industries with small input of land, larger cities host more firms which set lower prices whereas larger cities accommodate more firms which charge higher prices in industries with intermediate land share in production. Furthermore, for industries with high input share of land, larger cities allocate fewer firms with higher product prices. We show that softer land-use regulation and/or lower commuting costs reinforce pro-competitive effects making larger cities more attractive for residents via lower product prices and broader variety for a larger number of industries.

Larger cities typically give rise to two opposite effects: tougher competition among firms and higher production costs. Using an urban model with substitutability of production factors and pro-competitive effects, I study the response of the market outcome to city size, land-use regulations, and commuting costs. For industries with low input shares of land, larger cities host more firms setting lower prices whereas for sectors with intermediate land shares larger cities accommodate more firms charging higher prices. Softer land-use regulations and/or lower commuting costs reinforce pro-competitive effects, making larger cities more attractive for residents via lower prices and broader product diversity.

A mixed manna contains goods (that everyone likes), bads (that everyone dislikes), as well as items that are goods to some agents, but bads or satiated to others. If all items are goods and utility functions are homothetic, concave (and monotone), the Competitive Equilibrium with Equal Incomes maximizes the Nash product of utilities: hence it is welfarist (determined utility-wise by the feasible set of profiles), single-valued and easy to compute. We generalize the Gale-Eisenberg Theorem to a mixed manna. The Competitive division is still welfarist and related to the product of utilities or disutilities. If the zero utility profile (before any manna) is Pareto dominated, the competitive profile is unique and still maximizes the product of utilities. If the zero profile is unfeasible, the competitive profiles are the critical points of the product of disutilities on the efficiency frontier, and multiplicity is pervasive. In particular the task of dividing a mixed manna is either good news for everyone, or bad news for everyone. We refine our results in the practically important case of linear preferences, where the axiomatic comparison between the division of goods and that of bads is especially sharp. When we divide goods and the manna improves, everyone weakly benefits under the competitive rule; but no reasonable rule to divide bads can be similarly Resource Monotonic. Also, the much larger set of Non Envious and Efficient divisions of bads can be disconnected so that it will admit no continuous selection.

We study the closure of the cubic Principal Hyperbolic Domain and its intersection $\mathcal{P}_\lambda$ with the slice $\mathcal{F}_\lambda$ of the space of all cubic polynomials with fixed point $0$ defined by the multiplier $\lambda$ at $0$. We show that any bounded domain $\mathcal{W}$ of $\mathcal{F}_\lambda\setminus\mathcal{P}_\lambda$ consists of $J$-stable polynomials $f$ with connected Julia sets $J(f)$ and is either of \emph{Siegel capture} type (then $f\in \mathcal{W}$ has an invariant Siegel domain $U$ around $0$ and another Fatou domain $V$ such that $f|_V$ is two-to-one and $f^k(V)=U$ for some $k>0$) or of \emph{queer} type (then at least one critical point of $f\in \mathcal{W}$ belongs to $J(f)$, the set $J(f)$ has positive Lebesgue measure, and carries an invariant line field).

This paper describes the competition of complementation strategies of Russian verbs of request. We conducted a corpus-based study of six strategies of compelement encoding: infinitive, nominalisation, prepositional phrase with nominalisation, finite clause introduced with complementizer čtoby, non-finite clause introduced with complementizer čtoby (i.e. čtoby + infinitive), prepositional phrase with čtoby and expletive pronoun to (o tom čtoby). The results suggest that there are several factors influencing the competition under consideration (such as coreference of different participants, request dictance, etc.) and that these factors belong to different language domains, including semantics. This challenges the classic point of view according to which complementation studies should be focused primarily on syntax. 

Moment-angle manifolds provide a wide class of examples of non-Kaehler compact complex manifolds. A complex moment-angle manifold Z is constructed via certain combinatorial data, called a complete simplicial fan. In the case of rational fans, the manifold Z is the total space of a holomorphic bundle over a toric variety with fibres compact complex tori. In general, a complex moment-angle manifold Z is equipped with a canonical holomorphic foliation F and a C*-torus action transitive in the transverse direction. Examples of moment-angle manifolds include Hopf manifolds of Vaisman type, Calabi-Eckmann manifolds, and their deformations. We construct transversely Kaehler metrics on moment-angle manifolds, under some restriction on the combinatorial data. We prove that all Kaehler submanifolds (or, more generally, Fujiki class C subvarieties) in such a moment-angle manifold lie in a compact complex torus contained in a fibre of the foliation F. For a generic moment-angle manifold Z in its combinatorial class, we prove that all subvarieties are moment-angle manifolds of smaller dimension. This implies, in particular, that the algebraic dimension of Z is zero.

We investigate the notion of complex rotation number which was introduced by V.I.Arnold in 1978. Let f: R/Z \to R/Z be an orientation preserving circle diffeomorphism and let {\omega} \in C/Z be a parameter with positive imaginary part. Construct a complex torus by glueing the two boundary components of the annulus {z \in C/Z | 0< Im(z)< Im({\omega})} via the map f+{\omega}. This complex torus is isomorphic to C/(Z+{\tau} Z) for some appropriate {\tau} \in C/Z. According to Moldavskis (2001), if the ordinary rotation number rot (f+\omega_0) is Diophantine and if {\omega} tends to \omega_0 non tangentially to the real axis, then {\tau} tends to rot (f+\omega_0). We show that the Diophantine and non tangential assumptions are unnecessary: if rot (f+\omega_0) is irrational then {\tau} tends to rot (f+\omega_0) as {\omega} tends to \omega_0. This, together with results of N.Goncharuk (2012), motivates us to introduce a new fractal set, given by the limit values of {\tau} as {\omega} tends to the real axis. For the rational values of rot (f+\omega_0), these limits do not necessarily coincide with rot (f+\omega_0)$ and form a countable number of analytic loops in the upper half-plane.

The transformation of traditional childbearing patterns of early family formation to later family formation characterized recent fertility trends in Russia. These were intrinsically interwoven with fundamental changes in all aspects of life of young people in the 1990s and the 2000s. The past quarter century was also marked by concern with low fertility and attempts to increase fertility in the early 1980s and the late 2000s. The family policies of the 1980s failed to raise fertility. Preliminary analyses indicate that the fate of the 2007 policies could be similar. In both cases the main emphasis was on material birth and child benefits, parental leaves and child care. Presumably insufficient attention was devoted to improving living conditions of young people and promoting gender equality. Will government efforts to raise fertility during the 2010s be sufficiently effective to offset economic and social forces challenging childbearing? As of 2012 the outlook for a future fertility increase does not appear hopeful.

We compute the class which is Poincare dual to the first Stiefel-Whitney class for the Deligne-Mumford compactification of the moduli space of real algebraic curves of genus 0 with n marked and numbered points in terms of the natural cell decomposition of the variety under consideration.

Currently many software applications, enabling text analysis, are being created for different purposes (semantic reference tools, concordancers, sentiment analysis etc.), but not used by literary researchers. Computer software allows to facilitate the search of the required information and to save time considerably. With such approach to the field of linguistic and literary analysis, a comparative analysis in particular, new opportunities and unexpected horizons are being offered. The present paper suggest a critical review of existing computer resources, related to text processing, and a consistent description of application of programs, successfully tested on literary materials and used for text analysis at the Faculty of Humanities (HSE Branch in Nizhny Novgorod): linguistic annotated text corpora; collections of literary texts of one author; different computer tools such as AntConc concordancer, multifunctional text analyzer LEKTA, LF aligner for text alignment, i.e. those tools which allow varying of loaded and analyzed text collections. Computer-based text analysis shall be practiced only with further literary description and interpretation. With this comparison of data, retrieved in the process of computer-based analysis, with existing traditional researches may become a new stage of literary text analysis.

We study a coproduct in type A quantum open Toda lattice in terms of a coproduct in the shifted Yangian of sl_2. At the classical level this corresponds to the multiplication of scattering matrices of euclidean SU(2) monopoles. We also study coproducts for shifted Yangians for any simply-laced Lie algebra.

The paper addresses the tolerance approach to the sensitivity analysis of optimal solutions to a nonlinear discrete optimization problem, which involves a continuous, associative, commutative, nondecreasing and unbounded binary operation of generalized addition on nonnegative reals, called an A-operation. We evaluate and present sharp estimates for upper and lower bounds of costs of elements from the ground set, for which an optimal solution to the above problem remains stable. These bounds present new results in the sensitivity analysis as well as extend most known results in a unified way. We define an invariant of the optimization problem—the tolerance function, which is independent of optimal solutions, and establish its basic properties, among which we mention a characterization of the set of all optimal solutions, the uniqueness of optimal solutions and extremal values of the tolerance function on an optimal solution.

This paper introduces the evolving understanding and conceptualization of innovation process models. From the discussion of different approaches towards the innovation process understanding and modeling two types of approaches to the evolution of innovation models are developed and discussed. First the so-called innovation management approach which focuses on the evolution of the company innovation management strategies in different socioeconomic environments. Second is the analysis the evolution of innovation models themselves in conceptual sense (conceptual approach) as well as analysis of theoretical backgrounds and requirements for these models. The main focus of analysis in this approach is on advantages and disadvantages of different innovation models in their ability to describe the reality of innovation processes. The paper focuses on the advantages and disadvantages as well as potentials and limitations  of the approaches and also proposes potential future developments of innovation models as well as the analysis of driving forces that underlie the evolution of innovation models recently.

Successful performance in complex tasks depends upon the functioning of the cognitive control system involving the maintenance of sustained attention, retention and activation of task rules, as well as the inhibition of preliminary responses. Failure of any of these functions can lead to performance errors. In this study, we investigated behavioral data obtained from participants performing the auditory condensation task, which is highly demanding of the level of cognitive control but does not require participants to inhibit or override any prepotent automatic responses. We identified pre-error speeding and error slowing, while post-error slowing was not evident. Our results suggest that there are three factors contributing to the variability within the behavioral measures obtained. The first factor is related to the overall response latency, the second to the main individual mechanism of performance errors, and the third to the subject’s ability to increase motor threshold in the event of uncertainty and choice ambiguity. The data obtained evidence that the auditory condensation task is a promising model for studying cognitive control.

The development of service industries in emerging economies has been attracting more attention in recent years, but to date there have been few studies of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) in these countries. (The main exception is the case of a specific sector – software and related Information Technology services, with most focus here being on India. KIBS as a whole have received little examination.) This paper aims to study how conditions for innovation influence innovation activities in KIBS in one of the largest emerging countries, Russia. The study draws on survey data from firms belonging to ten KIBS subsectors, based in major Russian cities in 2015. The results contrast with those generally reported in Western developed economies. In this particular emerging economy, firms experiencing negative market and knowledge conditions are actually more liable to undertake nontechnological innovations. We consider various explanations for this apparent anomaly. The institutional framework appears to be less essential for KIBS than has been earlier documented for manufacturing enterprises in Russia. Implications for innovation management and policy are outlined: both government and corporate, strategies here would benefit from more attention to these sectors.

We present a modification of the method of conical resolutions \cite{quintics,tom}. We apply our construction to compute the rational cohomology of the spaces of equations of nodal cubics in CP2, nodal quartics in CP2 and nodal cubics in CP3. In the last two cases we also compute the cohomology of the corresponding moduli spaces.

We study some extension of a discrete Heisenberg group coming from the theory of loop-groups and find invariants of conjugacy classes in this group. In some cases including the case of the integer Heisenberg group we make these invariants more explicit.

Guided search is a mechanism that controls and optimizes the deployment of attention during visual search and allows one to pay attention only to highly relevant items. For instance, when searching for a conjunction of two features, we are able to select a feature-marked subset (e.g., all items sharing same color) prior to focusing attention on particular items. Standard models assume that only separate features can guide attention since they are only available at the preattentive stage of visual analysis and no conjunction information is available at that stage. Here I show that search performance is affected by both the distribution of features across the visual field and their conjunctions in particular items. It appears that people are unable to use “pure”, unbound features for selecting relevant subsets. This major finding requires reconsidering the standard models of guided search. The concept of distributed attention, which represents multiple items as imperfectly bound objects, seems promising in explaining this finding.

This paper studies the integration of social and environmental objectives into strategy through performance indicators based on a sample of multinational world-leading oil- and gas producers. Also, we inquire if the companies under study, which identify certain areas as strategic objectives, do better than their peers. We show that top management of the companies did indeed identify different areas of interest, had different strategic foci, and used different performance indicators. This is often explicable through a company’s own history and past experiences. When comparing a sample of greenhouse gas emissions, safety measures, and energy efficiency indicators between the different companies, we could not identify a consistent development over time trends. In fact, some did worse over time and collective improvements were largely absent.

This paper axiomatically studies the equal split-off set (Branzei, Dimitrov, Tijs 2006) as a solution for cooperative games with transferable utility. This solution extends the well-known (Dutta Ray 1989) solution for convex games to arbitrary games. By deriving several characterizations, we explore the relation of the equal split-off set with various consistency notions.

Clothing and fashion play significant role in the process of ageing, and help put bodily experiences in the context of culture. It is especially important for young people as social subjects, who are starting to become independent but do not have sufficient experience and social competences to do this.    This paper explores how youth of middle and working class in Russia use clothing to denote their social identity and construct boundaries.The paper is based on materials of 81 IDI with young people from St. Petersburg.