Цивилизационный контекст мультилинейного развития стран Европы

Shkaratan Ovsey I.

Working paper

Цивилизационный контекст мультилинейного развития стран Европы

Научные доклады Лаборатории сравнительного анализа развития постсоциалистических обществ. WP17. Высшая школа экономики, 2010. No. 01.

Shkaratan O. I.

The discussion of transformation outcomes has become increasingly tense in the recent years and is now challenging contemporary social sciences. Two major approaches can be distinguished today. According to one of them transformation is a linear process and it refers to logical transition from non-market to market economy. Such understanding of social development constitutes the classic theory of modernization (W. Rostow, T. Parsons). Similar lack of alternativeness is also a characteristic of the increasingly popular world-system analysis (I. Wallerstain). Yet it can be argued that institutional structure and value systems, which determine the inner logics of social development, are not so universal in nature. The end of 1990s has seen the rise of new theories of non-European modernity, the variety of capitalisms and the trend towards distinguishing modernization from westernization. These ideas have received much support in developing countries. We too argue that the difference of transformation outcomes in European and Eurasian areas cannot be adequately explained in terms of single-vector deterministic model. The emerging variety of socio-economic development models today can be explained through the inner civilization differences between countries.

Research target: Sociology (including Demography and Anthropology

Priority areas: humanitarian

Language: English

Full text (PDF, 352 Kb)

Keywords: institutional structure modernization theory

Компенсаторная теория в работах Германна Люббе и Одо Маркварда .

Румянцева М. В. Вестник Ленинградского государственного университета имени А.С. Пушкина. Серия: Философия. 2015. Т. 2. № 1. С. 140-150.

This article deals with compensation theory, according to which humans in modern culture need to compensate modernization and rationalization processes to construct their identity. As a result, the tendency to the conserve and re-actualize its historical origins is a characteristic feature of modern culture.

Added: May 30, 2015

Compensation-Theory in the Context of Classical and Contemporary Conception of Modernization Process: Dualistic Model of Modernity, Proposed by Odo Marquard and Hermann Lübbe

Rumyantzeva M. Working Papers of Humanities. WP. Издательский дом НИУ ВШЭ, 2015. No. Z19.

Regardless of all attempts to declare the end of modernity, contemporary political researchers still take its classical conception into account and attempt to redefine it with respect to present-day challenges. Nevertheless, it seems that there is little agreement on the definition of “modernity”. Consequently, a wide range of theories, devoted to modernity, have developed. One of the most popular is “multiple modernities” proposed by Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt. According to this conception, modern societies can be defined and institutionally organized in a variety of ways. The reason for this diversity concerns the tradition and history of a particular society. For instance, intellectual and political elites in non-Western countries can produce their own understanding of modernity, combining elements of traditional politics with some elements of the classical modern program. Therefore, the role of tradition in the contemporary world is ambivalent. In modern society, tradition does not continually determine all spheres of life, including politics. On the other hand, tradition still influences the way in which modern institutions are organized. However, it is not clear to what extent tradition can vary the origin-program of modernity. To explore this question, we examine the alternative conception of modernity, known as compensation theory, proposed by Joachim Ritter, Hermann Lübbe and Odo Marquard. We employ a comparative analysis and demonstrate the differences between compensation theory and the conception of multiple modernities with regard to the role of tradition in modern society.The findings of this research illustrate the reasons behind the fact that tradition can influence the original program of modernity. It also contributes fruitfully to the discussion about modernization and modernity.

Added: May 30, 2015

Happiness and Democracy, 1972-2008

Inglehart R. F., Ponarin E. Journal of Siberian Federal University. 2013. Vol. 6. No. 8. P. 1097-1105.

Before the avalanche of democratization that occurred around 1990, happiness was strongly correlated with democracy: at the national level, subjective well-being showed correlations close to.8 with such measures of democracy as the Freedom House political rights and civil liberties scores. This could mean that: (1) living under democratic institutions makes people much happier than living under authoritarian ones; or (2) high levels of subjective well-being are conducive to democracy. It is also possible that the correlation could be spurious or reciprocal. Using data on happiness levels of 42 publics from 1981 to 2007 and measures of democracy levels from 1972 to 2008, this paper attempts to clarify why subjective well-being is linked with democracy. If democracy causes democracy, then transitions to democracy should be followed by dramatic increases in happiness. But if happiness is a relatively stable variable that is conducive to democracy but not necessarily raised by it, democratization not be followed by rising happiness – and by moving large numbers of less happy societies into the ranks of the democracies, a major wave of democratization would weaken the subsequent correlation between democracy and happiness.

Added: Mar 24, 2014

Modernization Theory and Development Without Democracy: Evidence from Elections to the Iranian National Assembly 1906-1975

Hassanpour N. Comparative Politics, Social Research Methods and Methodology. PS. academia.edu, 2015

What are the conditions under which development does not breed democracy? To provide an answer, I propose a novel and minimal model of authoritarian elections in relation to the economy of power-sharing. Using primary archival material, I construct a novel district-level panel dataset of more than 3000 parliamentary elections to the Iranian National Assembly spanning over 70 years, combine the electoral statistics with detailed district-level socioeconomic data from the country’s first three national censuses, exploit The White Revolution, the Shah’s far-reaching modernizing attempt,as an intervention, and use matching and multilevel mixed effects models with a variety of robustness checks to test Modernization Theory’s main premise. The findings demonstrate a decline of at least 7% in the rates of electoral turnout as a result of the reforms. Labor growth in the agrarian and industrial sectors are shown to exert significant influence on the turnout, in opposite directions.

Added: Dec 14, 2016

Optimal Institutional Structure of Competition Authorities Under Reputation Maximization: A Model and Empirical Evidence from the Case of Russia

Avdasheva S. B., Golovanova S., Katsoulacos Y. Review of Industrial Organization. 2019. Vol. 54. No. 2. P. 251-282.

We contribute to the debate on the optimal structure of Competition Authorities (CAs), a debate of particular relevance in younger developing country jurisdictions. We propose a model of a reputation-maximizing CA in which reputation is increasing with enforcement success. This predicts that generalist CAs will focus on decisions in activities with low probability of annulment and low investigation and litigation costs and that this could be detrimental to welfare (relative to the more balanced activity portfolio of specialist CAs). We use a data set of appealed decisions of the Russian CA to provide an empirical support for the model’s assumptions and predictions.

Added: Oct 24, 2018

Constructing Identities And Boundaries: Fashion And Clothing Of Working And Middle Class Youth In Contemporary Russia

Margarita Kuleva. Humanities. HUM. Basic Research Programme, 2015. No. 85.

Clothing and fashion play significant role in the process of ageing, and help put bodily experiences in the context of culture. It is especially important for young people as social subjects, who are starting to become independent but do not have sufficient experience and social competences to do this. This paper explores how youth of middle and working class in Russia use clothing to denote their social identity and construct boundaries.The paper is based on materials of 81 IDI with young people from St. Petersburg.

Added: Feb 3, 2015

Современный менеджмент: проблемы, гипотезы, исследования : сборник научных трудов

Вып. 1. М.: Издательский дом ГУ-ВШЭ, 2009.

Added: Oct 27, 2012

Экономическая активность населения России в 1990-е гг.

Гимпельсон В. Е. Проблемы рынка труда. WP3. Высшая школа экономики, 2002. № 01.

Added: Mar 26, 2013

Research in the Sociology of Work: Volume 18, Economic Sociology of Work

Edited by: N. Bandelj. Sage, 2009.

Added: Apr 8, 2014

Непосредственные вопросы

Вып. 1. М.: Некоммерческая исследовательская служба «Среда», 2011.

Added: Feb 7, 2013

Российский демографический барометр. Демографические итоги I полугодия 2016 года (часть I).

Щербакова Е. М. Демоскоп Weekly. 2016. № 693-694.

Added: Oct 23, 2017

СССР как фактор эволюции западных моделей социального государства

Кутепова Н. И. Научный эксперт. 2011. № 12. С. 62-71.

Added: Mar 6, 2013

Эволюция социологических объяснений отцовства: от Г. Спенсера до Р. Коннелла

Липасова А. Н. Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология. 2016. № 3. С. 637-648.

Several approaches to the concept of fatherhood present in Western sociological tradition are analyzed and compared: biological determinism, social constructivism and biosocial theory. The problematics of fatherhood and men’s parental practices is marginalized in modern Russian social research devoted to family and this fact makes the traditional inequality in family relations, when the father’s role is considered secondary compared to that of mother, even stronger. However, in Western critical men’s studies several stages can be outlined: the development of “sex roles” paradigm (biological determinism), the emergence of the hegemonic masculinity concept, inter-disciplinary stage (biosocial theory). According to the approach of biological determinism, the role of a father is that of the patriarch, he continues the family line and serves as a model for his ascendants. Social constructivism looks into man’s functions in the family from the point of view of masculine pressure and establishing hegemony over a woman and children. Biosocial theory aims to unite the biological determinacy of fatherhood with social, cultural and personal context. It is shown that these approaches are directly connected with the level of the society development, marriage and family perceptions, the level of egality of gender order.

Added: Dec 9, 2016

Численность и состав российской бюрократии: между советской номенклатурой и госслужбой гражданского общества

Гимпельсон В. Е. Проблемы рынка труда. WP3. Высшая школа экономики, 2002. № 05.

Added: Mar 26, 2013

Ритуалы в медиатизированном обществе

Черных А. И. Политическая теория и политический анализ. WP14. Высшая школа экономики, 2012. № 03.

Added: May 3, 2012

Социальный капитал и экономические представления российских и китайских студентов

Татарко А. Н. Психология образования в поликультурном пространстве. 2012. Т. 17. № 1. С. 47-55.

Added: Sep 12, 2012

Культура русской диаспоры: эмиграция и мифы. Сборник статей

Таллинн: Таллинн, 2012.