Synonyms for ‘Man, Warrior’ in Laȝamon’s "Brut" and Old English Alliterative Poetry

Volkonskaya Maria A.

Working paper

Synonyms for ‘Man, Warrior’ in Laȝamon’s "Brut" and Old English Alliterative Poetry

Literary Studies. WP BRP. Высшая школа экономики, 2017. No. WP BRP 22/LS/2017.

Laȝamon’s Brut is well-known for being a transitional stage between Old English and Middle English alliterative poetry. On the one hand, it preserves some traces of the Old English poetic tradition, such as, for instance, certain poetic words. On the other hand, even those traces that seem to be similar to Old English undergo significant, though subtle, changes. To trace these changes, this paper explores Middle English predominantly poetic lexemes for ‘man, warrior’ in the Caligula manuscript of the Brut, namely, Middle English simplexes hæleð, kempe, scalk, seg, rink, as well as their Old English counterparts hæleð, cempa, scealc, secg, rinc in the verse section of the DOE Corpus.

Priority areas: humanitarian

Language: English

Full text (PDF, 575 Kb)

Keywords: Laȝamon Layamon Lawman Brut alliterative verse alliterative poetry synonyms Middle English Old English

Publication based on the results of: Синонимы в среднеанглийской и древнеанглийской аллитерационной поэзии: группа обозначений мужчины, воина(2016)

Rev. of Miller, D. G. (2012). External influences on English: From its beginnings to the Renaissance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Volkonskaya M. A. Journal of Language and Education. 2015. Vol. 1. No. 4. P. 81-84.

The paper reviews D.G. Miller's recent book, "External influences on English: From its beginnings to the Renaissance".

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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, an English poem written in the latter half of the 14th century, constitutes an important part of Tolkien’s life as a scholar and translator. The complex language of the poem attracted his attention from the moment Tolkien first encountered it as the Gawain-poet used some native words that were characteristic of Old and Middle English alliterative poetry. On the other hand, more than one third of his vocabulary is not derived from Old English: approximately one tenth of a total of 2650 words has Scandinavian etymologies (although at the time they were no longer considered borrowings, but rather northern dialect words) and about a third is of French origin. In his translation of the poem, Tolkien was primarily interested in special verse words, which resulted in his use of archaic diction such as capadoce ‘a short cape’ or carl ‘man’. However, this study focuses on the second important feature of the vocabulary of the poem: the combination of French and dialect (Scandinavian) words, which are not distributed evenly in the original text. As the author uses the stylistic contrasts between borrowed and native words; he carefully loads some of his lines with French loanwords while others are devoid of them. This paper discusses the stylistic effect thus created by the Gawain-poet and whether Tolkien managed to preserve it in his translation

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