SME POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE (1990–2015): FROM A “GENERALIST” TO A “PATERNALIST” APPROACH Working Paper WP1/2016/02 Series WP1 Institutional Problems of Russian Economy

Chepurenko Alexander; Виленский Александр Викторович

Working paper

SME POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE (1990–2015): FROM A “GENERALIST” TO A “PATERNALIST” APPROACH Working Paper WP1/2016/02 Series WP1 Institutional Problems of Russian Economy

Институциональные проблемы российской экономики. WP1. НИУ ВШЭ, 2016

Chepurenko A., Виленский А. В.

The paper deals with the historical critical overview of the SME and entrepreneurship policy in Russia from the beginning of the systemic transition till the current state. The authors distinguish three periods of the related policy designs in Russia, starting with the attempt of a “generalist” approach in early 1990ies, following with the “more targeted” attempt after the crisis of 1998 and characterize the recent stage (the crisis 2008–2009 as a frontier, 2012 as a culminating point) as a formation of a “paternalist” agenda of the State policy towards SME and the bottom-up entrepreneurship. The authors formulate the twofold dilemma of the SME policy in Russia: the misbalance between the federal State and the regions regarding the tools and possibilities of any sustainable policy; as well as the function of State controlling interventions which should, but cannot be diminished without serious weakening of the social basis of the President.

Research target: Economics and Management (including Public Administration)

Priority areas: economics

Language: English

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Keywords: Russian SMEs SME policy

Publication based on the results of: Influence of specifics of regional fiscal and taxation policies on entrepreneurial potential(2016)

Экономика и управление: проблемы и перспективы развития. Сборник научных статей по итогам международной научно-практической конференции г.Волгоград 15-16 ноября 2010 г.

Ч. 1. Волгоград: Волгоградское научное издательство, 2010.

Added: Jan 18, 2013

Экономическая активность населения России в 1990-е гг.

Гимпельсон В. Е. Проблемы рынка труда. WP3. Высшая школа экономики, 2002. № 01.

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Обновляемый образовательный ресурс "Экономическая школа НИУ ВШЭ"

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Intellectual capital as enhancer of product novelty: an empirical study of Russian manufacturing SMEs

Molodchik M., Fernandez-Jardon Fernandez C. M. Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2017. Vol. 18. No. 2. P. 419-436.

Purpose: the paper aims to theoretically justify the link between the endowment of intellectual capital and product novelty, and to find empirical evidence for such a link for SMEs in the Russian business environment.

Design/methodology/approach: the study implements an intellectual capital based view and the concept of novelty proposed by Schumpeter to highlight the crucial role of knowledge for transition to a higher level of competition. Drawing on a literature review, the authors determine three specific components of intellectual capital: foreign human capital, ICT capital developed at an international level and cooperation with foreign partners in order to pinpoint a premier position on the next level of the market. For empirical testing of the proposed model, a dataset comprising more than 1400 Russian manufacturing SMEs was used. Estimations were performed with the help of a principal component analysis and ordinal logistic regression.

Findings: the findings reveal that higher intellectual capital endowment promotes the level of product novelty. For Russian manufacturing SMEs, the most important is R&D capital. At the same time, ICT capital developed at an international level and cooperation with foreign partners contribute significantly to the probability of transition to a new market level.

Research limitations/implications: the study employs cross sectional data that restrict the analysis of innovation dynamics.

Practical implications: the study appears to have policy implications for the development of governmental programmes for Russian SMEs such as the creation of IC awareness, training for IC management, special programmes for R&D support and ICT capital accumulation.

Originality/value: this paper proposes a new approach for investigating the “knowledge-innovation” link, shifting the focus from a general analysis of product innovation to a level of novelty for product innovation. This is the first empirical study of the relationship between intellectual capital components and the level of product novelty for SMEs in the context of the Russian business environment.

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Чеглакова Л. М., Сторчевой М. А. В кн.: Этика бизнеса и КСО: опыт российских компаний. Ассоциация этики бизнеса и КСО, 2019.

Igor Stoyanov, the creator of the beauty salons' network "PERSONA," faced a problem of growing number of personnel and difficulties to reach the desired client-oriented job attitude and prevent various ethical conflicts. It is obvious that the company needs a ethical code that all workers should be informed, but how to achieve this if the company has always been managed in informally manner?

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Sokolov, A., Rudnik, P. In bk.: The Promise of Small and Medium Enterprises, Series "BRICS. National Systems of Innovation". New Delhi; Abingdon: Routledge, 2014. P. 76-120.

This is the third volume in a series of five books which bring together the results of intensive research on the national systems of innovation in the BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. This book looks at the relationship between small and medium enterprises and the national systems of innovation in the BRICS countries. It brings to fore crucial issues in the evolution and future trends of industrial or innovation policies for small firms: their scope, applicability, co-ordination, and main results, as well as the influence of macroeconomic, legal and regulatory environments. Taking into account the specificities and complexities of SMEs’ production and innovation systems, it seeks to inform research, policy design and implementation in the field. Combining original and detailed data, this book is an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics, development studies, and political science, as well as policymakers and development practitioners interested in the BRICS countries.

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Вишневская Н. Т. Проблемы рынка труда. WP3. Высшая школа экономики, 2005. № 03.

The paper examines the institute of minimum wage in developed and transition economies and in a number of the developing countries. First of all the institutional mechanism of minimum wage fixing is considered. One of the sections explores the dynamics of absolute and relative levels of minimum wage. The special attention is paid to the impact of the institute of minimum wage on the labour market. The author considers the mechanism of transmission of the minimum wage increases on the employment and unemployment dynamics. The paper also contains the result of the empirical research. The experience of many countries witnesses that large increases in minimum wage levels lead to the stagnation of the employ-ment, especially of the disadvantaged groups. The negative effect is larger for the companies with higher share of labour costs and more active use of unqualified labour, that is small businesses and agricultural enterprises. One of the main conclusions is that the minimum wage is not an effective tool of the poverty reduction as the majority of the recipients live in households of average and upper average income.

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Гимпельсон В. Е. Проблемы рынка труда. WP3. Высшая школа экономики, 2002. № 05.

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Государственная политика в области ограничения курения: какие меры наиболее эффективны

Засимова Л. С. Вопросы государственного и муниципального управления. 2010. № 4. С. 68-81.

Smoking is a problem, bringing signifi cant social and economic costs to Russiansociety. However, ratifi cation of the World health organization Framework conventionon tobacco control makes it possible to improve Russian legislation accordingto the international standards. So, I describe some measures that should be taken bythe Russian authorities in the nearest future, and I examine their effi ciency. By studyingthe international evidence I analyze the impact of the smoke-free areas, advertisementand sponsorship bans, tax increases, etc. on the prevalence of smoking, cigaretteconsumption and some other indicators. I also investigate the obstacles confrontingthe Russian authorities when they introduce new policy measures and the public attitudetowards these measures. I conclude that there is a number of easy-to-implementanti-smoking activities that need no fi nancial resources but only a political will.

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