Article
Recommending Collaborators via Co-authorship Network Embedding
In this paper, we study network feature engineering for the problem of future co-author recommendation, also called collaborator recommender system. We present a system, which uses authors' research interests and existing collaboration information to predict missing and most probable in the future links in the co-authorship network. The recommender system is stated as a link prediction problem for the current network and for new edges that appear next year. From machine learning point of view, both problems are treated as binary classification. We evaluate our research on our University researchers co-authorship network, while also mentioning results on sub-network of publications indexed in Scopus. Our approach has high accuracy and provides scalable solution for any significantly large co-authorship network.
In this paper, we explain how Galois connection and related operators between sets of users and items naturally arise in user-item data for forming neighbourhoods of a target user or item for Collabora- tive Filtering. We compare the properties of these operators and their ap- plicability in simple collaborative user-to-user and item-to-item setting. Moreover, we propose a new neighbourhood-forming operator based on pair-wise similarity ranking of users, which takes intermediate place be- tween the studied closure operators and its relaxations in terms of neigh- bourhood size and demonstrates comparatively good Precision-Recall trade-off. In addition, we compare the studied neighbourhood-forming operators in the collaborative filtering setting against simple but strong benchmark, the SlopeOne algorithm, over bimodal cross-validation on MovieLens dataset.
In this paper we focus on the problem of multi-label image recognition for visually-aware recommender systems. We propose a two stage approach in which a deep convolutional neural network is firstly fine-tuned on a part of the training set. Secondly, an attention-based aggregation network is trained to compute the weighted average of visual features in an input image set. Our approach is implemented as a mobile fashion recommender system application. It is experimentally show on the Amazon Fashion dataset that our approach achieves an F1-measure of 0.58 for 15 recommendations, which is twice as good as the 0.25 F1-measure for conventional averaging of feature vectors.
We present a study on co-authorship network representation based on network embedding together with additional information on topic modeling of research papers and new edge embedding operator. We use the link prediction (LP) model for constructing a recommender system for searching collaborators with similar research interests. Extracting topics for each paper, we construct keywords co-occurrence network and use its embedding for further generalizing author attributes. Standard graph feature engineering and network embedding methods were combined for constructing co-author recommender system formulated as LP problem and prediction of future graph structure. We evaluate our survey on the dataset containing temporal information on National Research University Higher School of Economics over 25 years of research articles indexed in Russian Science Citation Index and Scopus. Our model of network representation shows better performance for stated binary classification tasks on several co-authorship networks.
Online social networks have become an essential communi- cation channel for the broad and rapid sharing of information. Currently, the mechanics of such information-sharing is captured by the notion of cascades, which are tree-like networks comprised of (re)sharing actions. However, it is still unclear what factors drive cascade growth. Moreover, there is a lack of studies outside Western countries and platforms such as Facebook and Twitter. In this work, we aim to investigate what fac- tors contribute to the scope of information cascading and how to predict this variation accurately. We examine six machine learning algorithms for their predictive and interpretative capabilities concerning cascades’ structural metrics (width, mass, and depth). To do so, we use data from a leading Russian-language online social network VKontakte capturing cascades of 4,424 messages posted by 14 news outlets during a year. The results show that the best models in terms of predictive power are Gradient Boosting algorithm for width and depth, and Lasso Regression algorithm for the mass of a cascade, while depth is the least predictable. We find that the most potent factor associated with cascade size is the number of reposts on its origin level. We examine its role along with other factors such as content features and characteristics of sources and their audiences.
Proceedings of Machine Learning Research: Volume 97: International Conference on Machine Learning, 9-15 June 2019, Long Beach, California, USA
The Fifth HCT Information Technology Trends (ITT 2018) is a major international research conference for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, technologies, research findings and outcomes, best practices and case studies, national and international projects, institutional standards and policies on Emerging Technologies for Artificial Intelligence. ITT 2018 will provide an outstanding forum for researchers, practitioners, students, policy makers, and users to exchange ideas, techniques and tools, raise awareness and share experiences related to all practical and theoretical aspects of Emerging Technologies for Artificial Intelligence, so as to develop solutions related to communications, computer science and engineering, control systems as well as interdisciplinary research and applications.
Changes in patterns of collaboration between Russian universities after the commencement of the Russian university excellence initiative (Project 5-100) are studied in this paper. While this project aimed to make leading Russian universities more globally competitive and improve their research productivity, it also happened to increase their cooperation. An analysis of affiliations and the co-authorship networks was conducted to explore scientific collaborations between and within the participating universities. Such analysis facilitates the investigation of the number of collaborations with other organizations, both domestic and international cooperation, and disciplinary differences. By analyzing the co-authorship networks, the position of universities in the academic network and the structure of collaborations among the participants were examined. A sample of 30 Russian universities, including participants in Project 5-100 and a control group of institutions with similar characteristics, was used. After joining the project, the participating universities increased both their cooperation with each other as well as with foreign universities and research institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences, especially in the high-quality segment. At the same time, the collaboration patterns of non-participating universities did not change significantly. The centrality of Project 5-100 universities in the global academic network has increased, along with their visibility and coupling in the national network. The historical division between university and academic sectors has diminished, while the participating universities have started to play a more important role in knowledge production within the country.
L’ouvrage d’Adrian Mackenzie, professeur au Département de sociologie à l’Université de Lancaster, est d’un genre inédit au sein de la littérature émergente, mais encore peu étendue en sciences humaines et sociales, qui explore le fonctionnement du machine learning (ML). Les avancées spectaculaires de cette branche de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) depuis quelques années ont éclipsé les autres approches en la matière et ont soudainement transformé l’IA en un problème social et politique. Plusieurs auteurs ont déjà insisté sur la nécessité de focaliser le regard sur les outils de l’IA, en pointant les limites des travaux qui ne traitent que des effets sociaux des « algorithmes ». Comme le fait remarquer l’anthropologue des sciences et des techniques Nick Seaver, la plupart des travaux sur le sujet s’agitent au sujet des « algorithmes » ou le « big data », en insistant sur leurs effets néfastes, voire catastrophiques, pour la société sans jamais préciser exactement ce qu’ils sont. Le transfert des connaissances et des perspectives entre les spécialistes en IA et en SHS (d’ailleurs dans les deux sens) est pourtant indispensable pour en proposer une critique informée et efficace.
A model for organizing cargo transportation between two node stations connected by a railway line which contains a certain number of intermediate stations is considered. The movement of cargo is in one direction. Such a situation may occur, for example, if one of the node stations is located in a region which produce raw material for manufacturing industry located in another region, and there is another node station. The organization of freight traffic is performed by means of a number of technologies. These technologies determine the rules for taking on cargo at the initial node station, the rules of interaction between neighboring stations, as well as the rule of distribution of cargo to the final node stations. The process of cargo transportation is followed by the set rule of control. For such a model, one must determine possible modes of cargo transportation and describe their properties. This model is described by a finite-dimensional system of differential equations with nonlocal linear restrictions. The class of the solution satisfying nonlocal linear restrictions is extremely narrow. It results in the need for the “correct” extension of solutions of a system of differential equations to a class of quasi-solutions having the distinctive feature of gaps in a countable number of points. It was possible numerically using the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order to build these quasi-solutions and determine their rate of growth. Let us note that in the technical plan the main complexity consisted in obtaining quasi-solutions satisfying the nonlocal linear restrictions. Furthermore, we investigated the dependence of quasi-solutions and, in particular, sizes of gaps (jumps) of solutions on a number of parameters of the model characterizing a rule of control, technologies for transportation of cargo and intensity of giving of cargo on a node station.
Event logs collected by modern information and technical systems usually contain enough data for automated process models discovery. A variety of algorithms was developed for process models discovery, conformance checking, log to model alignment, comparison of process models, etc., nevertheless a quick analysis of ad-hoc selected parts of a journal still have not get a full-fledged implementation. This paper describes an ROLAP-based method of multidimensional event logs storage for process mining. The result of the analysis of the journal is visualized as directed graph representing the union of all possible event sequences, ranked by their occurrence probability. Our implementation allows the analyst to discover process models for sublogs defined by ad-hoc selection of criteria and value of occurrence probability
The geographic information system (GIS) is based on the first and only Russian Imperial Census of 1897 and the First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union of 1926. The GIS features vector data (shapefiles) of allprovinces of the two states. For the 1897 census, there is information about linguistic, religious, and social estate groups. The part based on the 1926 census features nationality. Both shapefiles include information on gender, rural and urban population. The GIS allows for producing any necessary maps for individual studies of the period which require the administrative boundaries and demographic information.
Existing approaches suggest that IT strategy should be a reflection of business strategy. However, actually organisations do not often follow business strategy even if it is formally declared. In these conditions, IT strategy can be viewed not as a plan, but as an organisational shared view on the role of information systems. This approach generally reflects only a top-down perspective of IT strategy. So, it can be supplemented by a strategic behaviour pattern (i.e., more or less standard response to a changes that is formed as result of previous experience) to implement bottom-up approach. Two components that can help to establish effective reaction regarding new initiatives in IT are proposed here: model of IT-related decision making, and efficiency measurement metric to estimate maturity of business processes and appropriate IT. Usage of proposed tools is demonstrated in practical cases.