Article
Yang-Baxter equations with two Planck constants
We consider Yang–Baxter equations arising from its associative analog and study the corresponding exchange relations. They generate finite-dimensional quantum algebras which have the form of coupled &${\rm{GL}}(N)$; Sklyanin elliptic algebras. Then we proceed to a natural generalization of the Baxter–Belavin quantum R-matrix to the case &${\rm{Mat}}{(N,{\mathbb{C}})}^{\otimes 2}\otimes {\rm{Mat}}{(M,{\mathbb{C}})}^{\otimes 2}.$; It can be viewed as symmetric form of &${\rm{GL}}({NM})\;$; R-matrix in the sense that the Planck constant and the spectral parameter enter (almost) symmetrically. Such type (symmetric) R-matrices are also shown to satisfy the Yang–Baxter like quadratic and cubic equations.
This is a lecture note based on the series of lectures on the dispersionless integrable hierarchies delivered by the authore in June, 2013, at the Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan. The contents are survey on dispersionless integrable hierarchies, including introduction to integrable systems in general, and on their connections with complex analysis.
We discuss the Poisson structures on Lie groups and propose an explicit construction of the integrable models on their appropriate Poisson submanifolds. The integrals of motion for the SL(N)-series are computed in cluster variables via the Lax map. This construction, when generalised to the co-extended loop groups, gives rise not only to alternative descriptions of relativistic Toda systems, but allows to formulate in general terms some new class of the integrable models. We discuss the subtleties of this Lax map related to the ambiguity in projection to the trivial co-extension and propose a way to write the spectral curve equation, which fixes this ambiguity, both for the Toda chains and their generalisations.
Let k be a field of characteristic zero, let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over k and let g be its Lie algebra. Let k(G), respectively, k(g), be the field of k- rational functions on G, respectively, g. The conjugation action of G on itself induces the adjoint action of G on g. We investigate the question whether or not the field extensions k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G are purely transcendental. We show that the answer is the same for k(G)/k(G)^G and k(g)/k(g)^G, and reduce the problem to the case where G is simple. For simple groups we show that the answer is positive if G is split of type A_n or C_n, and negative for groups of other types, except possibly G_2. A key ingredient in the proof of the negative result is a recent formula for the unramified Brauer group of a homogeneous space with connected stabilizers. As a byproduct of our investigation we give an affirmative answer to a question of Grothendieck about the existence of a rational section of the categorical quotient morphism for the conjugating action of G on itself.
Let G be a connected semisimple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k. In 1965 Steinberg proved that if G is simply connected, then in G there exists a closed irreducible cross-section of the set of closures of regular conjugacy classes. We prove that in arbitrary G such a cross-section exists if and only if the universal covering isogeny Ĝ → G is bijective; this answers Grothendieck's question cited in the epigraph. In particular, for char k = 0, the converse to Steinberg's theorem holds. The existence of a cross-section in G implies, at least for char k = 0, that the algebra k[G]G of class functions on G is generated by rk G elements. We describe, for arbitrary G, a minimal generating set of k[G]G and that of the representation ring of G and answer two Grothendieck's questions on constructing generating sets of k[G]G. We prove the existence of a rational (i.e., local) section of the quotient morphism for arbitrary G and the existence of a rational cross-section in G (for char k = 0, this has been proved earlier); this answers the other question cited in the epigraph. We also prove that the existence of a rational section is equivalent to the existence of a rational W-equivariant map T- - - >G/T where T is a maximal torus of G and W the Weyl group.
This proceedings publication is a compilation of selected contributions from the “Third International Conference on the Dynamics of Information Systems” which took place at the University of Florida, Gainesville, February 16–18, 2011. The purpose of this conference was to bring together scientists and engineers from industry, government, and academia in order to exchange new discoveries and results in a broad range of topics relevant to the theory and practice of dynamics of information systems. Dynamics of Information Systems: Mathematical Foundation presents state-of-the art research and is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in some of the most recent discoveries in information theory and dynamical systems. Scientists in other disciplines may also benefit from the applications of new developments to their own area of study.