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МОДЕЛЬ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНО-РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ В УПРАВЛЕНИИ ВЫСШИМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕМ В РФ
Governance of higher education in large and heterogeneous countries are different from approaches to coordinating universities in unitary states. In-depth analysis of these differences in the research literature is not presented yet. The achievement of national goals for the development of higher education in federal countries requires an effective model for the distribution of responsibilities between federal and regional levels of government.
This paper presents an analysis of federal-regional relations in higher education in the Russian Federation. The paper also shows the structure of federalism in higher education in the RF in comparison with eight countries with heterogeneous regional higher education systems.
The results of the study show that Russian model of federalism in higher education remains one of the most centralized among comparable countries. Budget and tax policies are the prerogatives of the federal government, regions have limited opportunities to influence the development of universities, including restrictions on co-financing. The model of higher education management in the RF is based on principle of “pragmatic” federalism, which suggests that balance of federal-regional relations should allow to solve specific problems facing the country as a whole, not specific regions.
Perspectives for changing the balance of federal-regional relations in higher education may involve the expansion of the principle of subsidiarity between levels of government, with the preservation of most of the powers at the federal level. The governance of regional higher education systems should make it possible to concentrate federal and regional resources on certain university development programs.